Hand-Foot Syndrome

Chemotherapy-induced dermal side effects that are associated with the use of various CYTOSTATIC AGENTS. Symptoms range from mild ERYTHEMA and/or PARESTHESIA to severe ulcerative dermatitis with debilitating pain involving typically palmoplantar and intertriginous areas. These cutaneous manifestations are sometimes accompanied by nail anomalies.

Also Known As:

Chemotherapy-Induced Acral Erythema; Chemotherapy-Induced Palmoplantar Erythrodysesthesia; Acral Erythema, Chemotherapy-Induced; Acral Erythemas, Chemotherapy-Induced; Chemotherapy Induced Acral Erythema; Chemotherapy Induced Palmoplantar Erythrodysesthesia; Chemotherapy-Induced Acral Erythemas; Chemotherapy-Induced Palmoplantar Erythrodysesthesias; Hand Foot Syndrome; Hand-Foot Syndromes; Palmoplantar Erythrodysesthesia, Chemotherapy-Induced; Palmoplantar Erythrodysesthesias, Chemotherapy-Induced; Syndrome, Hand-Foot; Syndromes, Hand-Foot

Networked: 1017 relevant articles (47 outcomes, 70 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Diarrhea
2.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
4.	Colorectal Neoplasms (Colorectal Cancer)
5.	Neutropenia

Experts

1.	Cassidy, J: 7 articles (05/2012 - 03/2000)
2.	Cheng, Ying: 6 articles (01/2021 - 12/2008)
3.	Saif, Muhammad Wasif: 6 articles (09/2014 - 09/2006)
4.	Qin, Shukui: 5 articles (02/2022 - 11/2013)
5.	Xu, Binghe: 5 articles (03/2021 - 10/2019)
6.	Rini, Brian I: 5 articles (10/2019 - 01/2012)
7.	Motzer, Robert J: 5 articles (12/2015 - 10/2008)
8.	Yamaguchi, Tatsuro: 5 articles (11/2014 - 05/2003)
9.	Osterwalder, B: 5 articles (05/2002 - 03/2000)
10.	Han, Baohui: 4 articles (04/2022 - 11/2018)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hand-Foot Syndrome:

1.	Capecitabine (Xeloda)FDA Link 01/01/2003 - "The evidence suggests that treatment with capecitabine improves overall response rates and has an improved adverse effect profile in comparison with 5-FU/LV treatment with the Mayo regimen, with the exception of hand-foot syndrome. " 11/01/2013 - "[Efficacy of AboundTM for hand-foot syndrome caused by capecitabine]." 10/01/2022 - "Pharmacological prevention strategy for capecitabine-induced hand-foot syndrome: A network meta-analysis of randomized control trials." 12/01/2020 - "Effect of a Structured Teaching Module Including Intensive Prophylactic Measures on Reducing the Incidence of Capecitabine-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome: Results of a Prospective Randomized Phase III Study." 01/01/2020 - "Effect of Chinese Herbal Compound LC09 on Patients With Capecitabine-Associated Hand-Foot Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Parallel-Controlled Trial."
2.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2009 - "In two phase III studies, UFT with LV has been shown to have comparable efficacy and improved tolerability versus intravenous bolus 5-FU, with very few cases of hand-foot syndrome (HFS). " 05/01/2015 - "5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), often used in combination with levofolene (LF), can induce, as an important side effect, the hand-foot syndrome (HFS) due to toxicity on keratinocytes. " 11/01/1998 - "Hand-foot syndrome was less frequent with 5-FU bolus than with 5-FU CI (13% and 34%, respectively; P < .0001). " 01/01/1998 - "The hematologic toxicity is much less important in patients who receive 5-FU CI, but hand-foot syndrome is frequent in this group of patients." 01/01/1998 - "Grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity was more frequent in patients assigned to 5-FU bolus (31% v 4%; P < 10(-16)), whereas hand-foot syndrome was more frequent in the 5-FU CI group (34% v 13%; P < 10(-7)). "
3.	liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil)FDA Link 11/01/2003 - "The pegylated liposomal doxorubicin regimen employed in this trial exhibited an acceptable toxicity profile (cardiac dysfunction, hand-foot syndrome). " 10/25/2021 - "In clinical practice, the risk factors for pegylated liposomal doxorubicin-related hand-foot syndrome remain unclear. " 12/01/2020 - "Liposomal doxorubicin-related palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (hand-foot syndrome): a case report." 10/01/2014 - "Nudoxa; (NPLD) with its unique drug delivery system offers the benefit of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin without hand foot syndrome as the major side effect. " 03/01/2013 - "Pathogenesis of Hand-Foot Syndrome induced by PEG-modified liposomal Doxorubicin."
4.	Pyridoxine (Pyridoxin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1990 - "Cutaneous toxicity was also prominent in this series of patients, with the hand-foot syndrome developing in 14 cases (27%); 11 subjects who developed this complication were treated with pyridoxine (150 mg daily), and all experienced improvement in their symptoms within 1 week. " 06/01/2005 - "All patients received concomitant oral pyridoxine 300 mg twice daily to prevent hand-foot syndrome (HFS). " 04/01/2015 - "Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of pyridoxine supplements in the management of hand-foot syndrome during chemotherapy: a meta-analysis." 06/01/2021 - "Pyridoxine for prevention of hand-foot syndrome caused by chemotherapy agents: a meta-analysis." 01/01/2013 - "Pyridoxine for prevention of hand-foot syndrome caused by chemotherapy: a systematic review."
5.	ProdrugsIBA 11/01/2023 - "DNA damage-mediated cellular senescence promotes hand-foot syndrome that can be relieved by thymidine prodrug." 06/01/2007 - "Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a well-known adverse event associated with capecitabine, a prodrug of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). " 12/01/2012 - "Capecitabine, an oral prodrug of 5 -fluorouracil, is a promising treatment for colorectal, breast, and gastric cancers, but often causes hand-foot syndrome(HFS), which is the most common dose-limiting toxicity. " 01/01/2012 - "Capecitabine, an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is a promising treatment for colorectal, breast and gastric cancers, but often causes hand-foot syndrome (HFS), the most common dose-limiting toxicity. " 07/01/2021 - "Capecitabine is an extensively used oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil in treatment of colon cancer and is known to cause hand-foot syndrome (HFS). "
6.	Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006)FDA Link 04/01/2016 - "To examine whether the consumption of dried bonito both is effective for the prevention of hand-foot syndrome(HFS), concentrated bonito broth was administered to 10 patients with HCC who were treated with sorafenib. " 10/01/2023 - "Perianal erosion in a patient with sorafenib-induced hand-foot syndrome: A case report." 12/01/2022 - "Sorafenib was discontinued after 2 months due to the development of Grade 3 hand-foot syndrome. " 01/01/2018 - "Effective prevention of sorafenib-induced hand-foot syndrome by dried-bonito broth." 03/01/2017 - "Hand foot syndrome was noted in 27.7% patients on sorafenib and post TACE syndrome in 80.2% patients, but both were reversible. "
7.	1-dodecylpyridoxal (PLD)IBA 10/18/2023 - "While the hand-foot syndrome exhibits a high occurrence among patients treated with PLD, its frequency is notably reduced in those receiving NPLD. " 01/01/2022 - "Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a dose-limiting adverse event of PLD that may reduce a patient's quality of life or prevent certain patients from receiving PLD. " 01/01/2021 - "The main toxicity of PLD is hand-foot syndrome. " 01/04/2017 - "The role of the ATM/Chk/P53 pathway in mediating DNA damage in hand-foot syndrome induced by PLD." 01/01/2014 - "The adverse effects of PLD noted in clinical practice, especially hand-foot syndrome (HFS), are regarded as unique, and the management methods for them remain limited. "
8.	Irinotecan (Camptosar)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2019 - "A single study reported that XAPI combined with the CPT-11 regimen (irinotecan) was superior to chemotherapy alone with respect to DCR and also reduced the incidence of leukopenia, liver damage, and hand-foot syndrome during chemotherapy, while prolonging PFS. " 05/01/2005 - "Nausea and vomiting was the most common side effect with an occurrence rate of 31.9% in group A and 2 cases of grade III, and 22.7% in group B with no case of grade III. Occurrence of side effect was much lower in group B than that of group A except hand-foot syndrome, which was 16.1% in group B with 2 cases of grade III as compared to 1.4% in group A with no case of grade III. Combination of CPT-11 and fluoropyrimidine is effective and safe in treatment for advanced/metastatic colorectal carcinoma. " 08/19/2008 - "UFT plus LV with alternating irinotecan and oxaliplatin is an efficacious first-line treatment for mCRC, with minimal neurotoxicity and hand-foot syndrome." 01/01/2012 - "Hand-foot syndrome and mucositis were more common in the PLD group than in the CPT-11 group (p < 0.05). " 01/01/2023 - "In apatinib combined with irinotecan group, adverse events that were attributed to apatinib were secondary hypertension (in seven patients, 26.9%), hand-foot syndrome (5,19.2%), and proteinuria (5, 19.2%). "
9.	Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)FDA LinkGeneric 08/19/2008 - "UFT plus LV with alternating irinotecan and oxaliplatin is an efficacious first-line treatment for mCRC, with minimal neurotoxicity and hand-foot syndrome." 01/01/2022 - "Genetic variation in ST6GAL1 is a determinant of capecitabine and oxaliplatin induced hand-foot syndrome." 06/01/2010 - "A hospital based cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted to determine the frequency of hand foot syndrome (HFS) with Capecitabine as a single agent and in combination with Oxaliplatin. " 04/01/2012 - "Regarding safety, hand-foot syndrome was more frequently observed in the capecitabine plus oxaliplatin group (OR=2.71; 95% CI 2.04-3.61; p<0.00001), while stomatitis and neutropenia were reversed. " 01/01/2010 - "The statistically significant differences in pooled estimates suggest a higher incidence of grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia (OR = 1.87, 1.24-2.81), grade 3/4 hand-foot syndrome (3.90, 2.13-7.12) in the capecitabine plus oxaliplatin group and grade 3/4 neutropenia (0.20, 0.07-0.53) in the FU plus oxaliplatin group. "
10.	XELOXIBA 05/01/2015 - "More patients in the Prolonged group experienced hand-foot syndrome than in the XELOX group. " 06/07/2013 - "The incidence of grade 3/4 adverse reactions was similar between the XELOX and FOLFOX6 groups, and more patients suffered from hand-foot syndrome in the XELOX group (P = 0.018). " 04/01/2012 - "The number of patients developing hand-foot syndrome in the XELOX group was far higher compared to the FOLFOX6 group (P=0.000). " 01/01/2007 - "Compared with Mayo, XELOX showed fewer grade 3/4 hematologic AE and more grade 3/4 gastrointestinal AE. Compared with RP, XELOX showed less grade 3/4 gastrointestinal AE and more grade 3/4 hematologic AE. As expected grade 3/4 neurosensory toxicity and grade 3 hand-foot syndrome were higher with XELOX. " 06/01/2013 - "After 12 months, XELOX was discontinued due to Grade 3 hand-foot syndrome and peripheral neuropathy. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 07/01/2022 - "Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a common adverse effect of anticancer therapy. " 04/01/2019 - "[Treatment of hand-foot syndrome in the context of targeted therapies]." 12/01/2018 - "With Cap/Bev maintenance therapy, grade 3 hand-foot syndrome was observed in 2 patients (6.0%). " 07/01/2018 - "Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema has been a known side effect of intravenous dosing but has not been reported with oral therapy. " 05/01/2018 - "Although a partial response (PR) was observed, the therapy was terminated after 6 courses because of the development of hand-foot syndrome. "
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 05/01/2022 - "Hand-foot syndrome induced by chemotherapy drug: Case series study and literature review." 06/01/2014 - "Prevention strategies for chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective randomised trials." 11/01/2023 - "Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a widely recognized dose-limiting cutaneous toxicity effect of fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy agents that impairs clinical benefits and treatment outcomes. " 01/01/2023 - "This retrospective study was conducted to identify risk factors for developing hand-foot syndrome (HFS) and to determine new strategies for improving quality of life (QoL) in patients undergoing chemotherapy. " 12/23/2022 - "Chemotherapy-induced hand foot syndrome: comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological prophylaxis - systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis."
3.	Drug Tapering 01/01/2023 - "Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) can be categorized as a frequent dose-limiting side effect following administration of chemotherapeutic agents, which needs an effective medication to avoid dose reduction or discontinuation. " 04/01/2018 - "These data need validation in a larger cohort to confirm the hypothesis that treatment dose reductions in the setting of hand-foot syndrome do not negatively impatient survival." 04/01/2018 - "The median progression-free survival and overall survival were significantly longer in patients with hand-foot syndrome with or without treatment dose reductions as compared to those without hand-foot syndrome. " 04/01/2018 - "The main outcomes were progression-free and overall survival in these patients experiencing hand-foot syndrome and undergoing treatment dose reductions. " 04/01/2018 - "The effect of treatment dose reductions, in the context of hand-foot syndrome, on survival outcomes is reported. "
4.	Adjuvant Chemotherapy 04/01/2007 - "Hand-foot syndrome in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy." 05/01/2006 - "Hand-foot syndrome after dose-dense adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: a case series." 01/01/2020 - "We conducted a randomized comparative trial to assess the efficacy of TJ-28 for preventing hand-foot syndrome (HFS) as a complication of adjuvant chemotherapy using capecitabine. " 02/01/2020 - "Adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine is frequently not completed due to adverse events, including hand-foot syndrome. " 11/01/2014 - "We examined the treatment condition; adverse events, especially hand-foot syndrome (HFS); and prognosis in 65 patients with colon cancer who received adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine. "
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 10/23/2023 - "Five patients developed grade 3 AEs after treatment; The PFS of patients with hand-foot syndrome after treatment was significantly longer than that of patients without hand-foot syndrome (14.10 vs 6.00, P=0.024). " 10/01/2021 - "High pretreatment PNI scores and the presence of hand-foot syndrome after treatment were independent prognostic markers for favorable OS and PFS." 10/23/2019 - "After treatment, the incidence of hypertension and hand-foot syndrome in the study group were 46.7% and 53.3%, respectively, significantly higher than 3.3% and 0 in the control group, respectively (P<0.05). " 03/01/2020 - "Main adverse reactions after treatment included myelosuppression, fever, rash, gastrointestinal reactions, hepatalgia, hypertension and hand-foot syndrome, mostly of grade I-II, which were all improved after dose reduction and symptomatic treatment. " 04/23/2020 - "Hand-foot syndrome induced changes of the palmar epidermal ridge configurations during and after treatment with capecitabine."