Butyrophilins

A family of mammalian membrane glycoproteins characterized by extracellular IMMUNOGLOBULIN DOMAINS. Some members also have an intracellular B30.2-SPRY DOMAIN or SPRY DOMAIN. The butyrophilin protein (BTN) is expressed by MAMMARY GLAND EPITHELIUM during LACTATION; whereas other members are widely expressed in other tissues, including skeletal muscle, intestine, ERYTHROID CELLS (ERMAP protein); and nerve tissue (MYELIN-OLIGODENDROCYTE GLYCOPROTEIN).

Also Known As:

Networked: 97 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 11 trials/studies)

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Fujimaki, Tetsuo: 9 articles (05/2015 - 07/2011)
2.	Yamada, Yoshiji: 9 articles (05/2015 - 07/2011)
3.	Oguri, Mitsutoshi: 7 articles (05/2015 - 07/2011)
4.	Horibe, Hideki: 6 articles (03/2014 - 07/2011)
5.	Kato, Kimihiko: 6 articles (03/2014 - 07/2011)
6.	Aoyagi, Yukitoshi: 4 articles (07/2012 - 07/2011)
7.	Satoh, Kei: 4 articles (07/2012 - 07/2011)
8.	Tanaka, Masashi: 4 articles (07/2012 - 07/2011)
9.	Watanabe, Sachiro: 4 articles (07/2012 - 07/2011)
10.	Tian, Dongbo: 3 articles (10/2021 - 01/2020)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2022 - "However, recent studies revealed an interesting prognostic role of plasma PD-1/PD-L1 and other circulating immunoregulatory molecules, such as the B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), butyrophilin sub-family 3A/CD277 receptors (BTN3A), and butyrophilin sub-family 2 member A1 (BTN2A1), in several solid tumors. " 01/01/2021 - "In this study, we show that butyrophilin 2A1 (BTN2A1) is required for BTN3A-mediated Vγ9Vδ2 T cell cytotoxicity against cancer cells, and that expression of the BTN2A1/BTN3A1 complex is sufficient to trigger Vγ9Vδ2 TCR activation. " 05/13/2023 - "Butyrophilins: Dynamic Regulators of Protective T Cell Immunity in Cancer." 01/01/2023 - "In contrast with healthy intestinal or colonic tissue, we found that γδIELs were largely absent from the microenvironment of both mouse and human tumors, and that butyrophilin-like (BTNL) molecules, which can critically regulate γδIEL through direct γδTCR interactions, were also downregulated in tumors. " 11/22/2022 - "Here, we found that butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A1 (BTN3A1) is upregulated in ESCC tumor tissues compared with nontumor tissues. "
2.	Sarcoidosis (Schaumann Disease) 01/01/2015 - "Butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) rs2076530 gene polymorphism has been implicated in susceptibility to sarcoidosis. " 12/01/2012 - "A functional polymorphism within butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) gene has been described as a potential risk factor for sarcoidosis. " 12/01/2007 - "Butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) polymorphisms have been associated with sarcoidosis. " 08/01/2007 - "Recently, an association between sarcoidosis and the butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) gene was reported. " 04/01/2005 - "Here, we carried out a systematic three-stage SNP scan of 16.4 Mb on chromosome 6p21 in as many as 947 independent cases of familial and sporadic sarcoidosis and found that a 15-kb segment of the gene butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) was associated with the disease. "
3.	Autoimmune Diseases (Autoimmune Disease) 01/01/2021 - "Thus, our study lends structural support to earlier hypotheses of a correlation between the consumption of cow milk and prevalence of neurological autoimmune diseases and may offer guidance for the breeding of cattle strains that express modified butyrophilin showing less immunological cross-reactivity." 01/01/2023 - "Butyrophilin 2a2 (Btn2a2) expression on thymic epithelial cells promotes central T cell tolerance and prevents autoimmune disease." 01/01/2021 - "Despite recent advances in the understanding on butyrophilins' role on adaptive immune cells during infectious or autoimmune diseases, nothing is known about their role in bone homeostasis. " 06/01/2014 - "In humans, a fixed number of butyrophilin genes are found in and around the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and show striking association with particular autoimmune diseases. " 10/01/2016 - "Chromosome 6p contains several members of the B7 family of immune regulator genes, including butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2; OMIM, 606000), which is associated with prostate cancer risk and autoimmune diseases. "
4.	Infections 10/30/2023 - "Phosphoantigens are presented via a complex of butyrophilins (BTN) to signal infection to human Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells. " 01/01/2017 - "Butyrophilins have been also demonstrated to play a role in various infections, e.g. " 09/01/2023 - "In both cancer and infections, diseased cells are presented to human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells through an 'inside out' signalling process whereby structurally diverse phosphoantigen (pAg) molecules are sensed by the intracellular domain of butyrophilin BTN3A11-4. " 10/15/2015 - "The T-Cell Inhibitory Molecule Butyrophilin-Like 2 Is Up-regulated in Mild Plasmodium falciparum Infection and Is Protective During Experimental Cerebral Malaria." 07/01/2015 - "Genetic variants in the butyrophilin family genes may alter susceptibility to infection, selecting HCV genotype and influencing disease progression. "
5.	Myocardial Infarction 11/01/2013 - "Results of recent studies have shown that the C→T polymorphism (rs6929846) of the butyrophilin, subfamily 2, member A1 gene (BTN2A1) was significantly associated with myocardial infarction. " 11/01/2014 - "The C→T polymorphism (rs6929846) of the butyrophilin, subfamily 2, member A1 (BTN2A1) gene has been previously identified as a susceptibility locus for myocardial infarction by a genome-wide association study. " 03/01/2014 - "We have previously shown that the C→T polymorphism (rs6929846) of the butyrophilin, subfamily 2, member A1 gene (BTN2A1) was significantly associated with myocardial infarction. " 11/01/2011 - "The authors previously showed that the C→T polymorphism (rs6929846) of butyrophilin, subfamily 2, member A1 gene (BTN2A1) was significantly associated with myocardial infarction in Japanese individuals. " 08/01/2011 - "We previously showed that the C→T polymorphism (rs6929846) in butyrophilin, subfamily 2, member A1 gene (BTN2A1) was associated with myocardial infarction in Japanese individuals. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
2.	Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
3.	Protein Isoforms (Isoforms)
4.	HLA Antigens (Human Leukocyte Antigens)
5.	Cytidine Monophosphate (CMP)
6.	Immunoglobulins (Immunoglobulin)
7.	Ligands
8.	Antigens
9.	T-Cell Antigen Receptors (T-Cell Receptor)
10.	Diphosphates (Pyrophosphates)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy)
2.	Immunotherapy
3.	Immunomodulation