Postoperative Cognitive Complications

COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT or functional decline after a surgical procedure.

Also Known As:

Cognitive Complication, Postoperative; Cognitive Decline, Postoperative; Cognitive Disorder, Postoperative; Cognitive Dysfunction, Postoperative; Complication, Postoperative Cognitive; Decline, Postoperative Cognitive; Dementia, Postoperative; Dementias, Postoperative; Disorder, Postoperative Cognitive; Dysfunction, Postoperative Cognitive; Postoperative Cognitive Complication; Postoperative Cognitive Disorder; Postoperative Dementias; Postoperative Cognitive Decline; Postoperative Cognitive Disorders; Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction; Postoperative Dementia

Networked: 1013 relevant articles (44 outcomes, 186 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neuroinflammatory Diseases
2.	Emergence Delirium
3.	Cognitive Dysfunction
4.	Inflammation (Inflammations)
5.	Pain (Aches)

Experts

1.	Mathew, Joseph P: 13 articles (01/2021 - 07/2002)
2.	Li, Jun: 12 articles (06/2024 - 11/2002)
3.	Zhang, Ying: 11 articles (01/2024 - 01/2015)
4.	Zuo, Zhiyi: 11 articles (01/2023 - 01/2012)
5.	Zhang, Qi: 10 articles (10/2023 - 05/2017)
6.	Newman, Mark F: 10 articles (01/2019 - 07/2002)
7.	Li, Yan: 9 articles (03/2024 - 01/2018)
8.	Wang, Qiujun: 9 articles (10/2023 - 01/2018)
9.	Wu, Anshi: 9 articles (01/2023 - 03/2012)
10.	Berger, Miles: 9 articles (01/2021 - 12/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Postoperative Cognitive Complications:

1.	Dexmedetomidine FDA Link 10/01/2021 - "Dexmedetomidine Ameliorates Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction via the MicroRNA-381-Mediated EGR1/p53 Axis." 09/01/2021 - "Dexmedetomidine Ameliorates Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Aged Mice." 01/25/2024 - "Clinical studies have shown that dexmedetomidine has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties and improves postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older patients. " 03/17/2023 - "Previous studies have explored the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients with fracture. " 01/26/2023 - "The consequences of this trial will show that dexmedetomidine can improve postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly orthopaedic patients, which may be related to the balance of T helper 17/regulatory T cells. "
2.	Anesthetics (Anesthetic Agents)IBA 10/01/2020 - "Administration of short-acting anesthetic drugs in titrated quantities and awareness about postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) helped us to get better and faster recovery in the patient." 02/01/1988 - "The study assessed the association between postoperative cognitive dysfunction and socioeconomic status, potential effects of selected surgical/anesthetic factors, and preoperative anxiety and depression (Zung Anxiety and Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression [CES-D] self-rating scales). " 04/01/2024 - "A commentary on 'Preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction using anesthetic drugs in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis'." 01/01/2024 - "We aimed to identify the risk factors for postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) by evaluating the outcomes from preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and intraoperative anesthetic interventions. " 01/01/2023 - "Effects of anesthetic adjunctive agents on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: A Bayesian network meta-analysis."
3.	Propofol (Diprivan)FDA LinkGeneric 01/13/2024 - "This study aimed to elucidate the effects of propofol plus adjuvants on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and patient satisfaction. " 12/04/2020 - "Findings of this study will help in providing insight to establish if propofol is a suitable intervention to treat postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients. " 10/29/2021 - "Effects of inhalation and propofol anaesthesia on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly noncardiac surgical patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis." 01/01/2021 - "Does propofol ameliorate occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction after general anaesthesia? " 03/01/2003 - "However, propofol did not affect postoperative cognitive dysfunction."
4.	Caspase 3 (Caspase-3)IBA 01/01/2023 - "SNAP25 ameliorates postoperative cognitive dysfunction by facilitating PINK1-dependent mitophagy and impeding caspase-3/GSDME-dependent pyroptosis." 01/01/2023 - "Inhibition of PINK1-Mediated Mitophagy Contributes to Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction through Activation of Caspase-3/GSDME-Dependent Pyroptosis." 01/01/2023 - "Insufficient PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated mitophagy and activation of caspase-3/gasdermin E (GSDME)-dependent pyroptosis constitute the potential etiology of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), a severe neurological complication characterized by learning and memory deficits. " 12/15/2023 - "Synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP25) exerts protective effects against postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) by promoting PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and repressing caspase-3/gasdermin E (GSDME)-mediated pyroptosis. "
5.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 01/01/2024 - "Additionally, we wanted to identify any biomarkers that could be linked to postoperative cognitive decline or delays in neurocognitive recovery. " 01/01/2023 - "Early biomarkers are needed to identify patients at risk of developing postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). " 01/01/2023 - "Relationship between postoperative biomarkers of neuronal injury and postoperative cognitive dysfunction: A meta-analysis." 01/01/2022 - "Biomarkers of Cerebral Injury for Prediction of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery." 01/01/2021 - "Conclusions: The dynamic change of LMR level in the peripheral blood is associated with occurrence of POCD, and preoperative LMR level seems to be a prognostic biomarker of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients after cardiovascular surgery."
6.	Hydrocortisone (Cortisol)FDA LinkGeneric 02/17/2018 - "BACKGROUND A recent study reported that patients with higher cortisol levels on the 1st postoperative morning after cardiac surgery exhibited an increased risk of early postoperative cognitive decline (POCD). " 12/01/2013 - "This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between plasma cortisol levels and the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in aged patients following hip fracture surgery. " 01/01/2019 - "Use of Preoperative Salivary Cortisol AM/PM Ratio for Prediction of Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction." 01/01/2019 - "Preoperative Salivary Cortisol AM/PM Ratio Predicts Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction After Noncardiac Surgery in Elderly Patients." 02/17/2018 - "A Prospective Cohort Evaluation of the Cortisol Response to Cardiac Surgery with Occurrence of Early Postoperative Cognitive Decline."
7.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2011 - "A retrospective substudy of a clinical trial assessing the efficacy of intravenous lidocaine for postoperative cognitive decline. " 01/01/2023 - "The effect of intravenous lidocaine on postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis." 01/01/2019 - "Intravenous lidocaine administered during and after cardiac surgery did not reduce postoperative cognitive decline at 6 weeks." 01/01/2016 - "Lidocaine has been tested in patients for its potential protective effect on postoperative cognitive dysfunction. " 03/01/2009 - "Lidocaine administered during and after cardiac surgery does not reduce the high rate of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. "
8.	Ketamine FDA LinkGeneric 05/04/2024 - "The Prevention of postOperative Cognitive dysfunction by Ketamine (POCK) study aimed to assess the effect of ketamine on this condition. " 10/01/2018 - "This systematic review evaluates the effects of intraoperative ketamine administration on postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). " 10/01/2018 - "Intraoperative ketamine administration to prevent delirium or postoperative cognitive dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis." 01/01/2023 - "Efficacy of intraoperative subanesthetic dose of ketamine/esketamine in preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis." 12/11/2023 - "Furthermore, dexmedetomidine reduced the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction by 62% (OR = 0.375, 95% CI: 0.091-0.543, p = 0.012), whereas ketamine increased the risk by 4.5 times (OR = 4.501, 95% CI: 1.161-8.817, p = 0.006). "
9.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)IBA 05/03/2024 - "To examine the association between postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), postoperative delirium (POD) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). " 05/03/2024 - "Associations between postoperative cognitive dysfunction, serum interleukin-6 and postoperative delirium among patients after coronary artery bypass grafting: A mediation analysis." 01/01/2017 - "The improvement in the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is related to the levels of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and IL-6." 01/01/2020 - "Dexmedetomidine May Reduce IL-6 Level and the Risk of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients After Surgery: A Meta-Analysis." 01/01/2017 - "The occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and the expression of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and IL-6 at postoperative days 1 and 7 were recorded. "
10.	Analgesics (Analgesic Drugs)IBA 10/01/2011 - "[Effect of different perioperative analgesic methods on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery]." 05/01/2014 - "Investigators should strive to use accepted, validated tools for the assessment of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and to carefully report details of the anesthetic and analgesic techniques used in future studies." 01/01/2022 - "Our findings showed that DEX administration is safe sedation with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiemetic effects and it could help change pain management strategy from opioidcentric towards improved postoperative cognitive dysfunction." 01/19/2024 - "The other outcomes include intraoperative fentanyl requirements, the need for additional postoperative rescue analgesics, time to tracheal extubation and chest tube removal after surgery, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), hospital discharge time, and 30-day mortality. " 06/01/2024 - "Astrocytes can also be an important target of general anesthetic agents as they exert not only sedative, analgesic, and amnesic effects but also mediate general anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Cardiopulmonary Bypass (Heart-Lung Bypass) 01/01/2020 - "Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) caused postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was characterized by hippocampus apoptosis, which seriously limited the therapeutic efficacy and utilization of CPB in clinic. " 10/01/2020 - "The aim of this study was to compare blood flow velocity changes in the middle cerebral artery before, during and after heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass for patients with and without postoperative cognitive dysfunction. " 07/01/2002 - "Numerous studies purport to show that cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery is associated with persistent postoperative cognitive decline. " 04/01/2024 - "Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common neurological issue following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-assisted heart surgery. " 10/01/2020 - "Middle cerebral artery's blood flow velocity was decreased after anaesthesia induction and during cardiopulmonary bypass for patients with postoperative cognitive dysfunction comparing with their blood flow velocity preoperatively. "
2.	Anesthesia 04/15/2024 - "A narrative review was conducted using a combination of MEDLINE and APA PsycINFO databases to shed light on themes across studies assessing general trends regarding the influence of anesthesia on postoperative cognitive decline. " 02/01/2022 - "To study the effect of Narcotrend monitoring on the incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) under different Bispectral Index (BIS) conditions and the effect of different depths of anesthesia on the incidence of POCD. " 01/01/2022 - "The results of this study suggest that activation of the Gq pathway in astrocytes alleviates Postoperative cognitive dysfunction induced by anesthesia and surgery in aged mice." 01/01/2021 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between a moderate to high risk patients of OSAS and postoperative cognitive dysfunction after volatile anesthesia. " 04/01/2016 - "The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of anesthesia-related postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) on the first day (Day 1) and at 6 weeks after elective noncardiac surgery in school-age children.This"
3.	Coronary Artery Bypass (Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery) 01/01/2021 - "This study aimed to explore the influence of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on both postoperative cognitive dysfunction and quality of life (QoL) and the association between the two patient-related outcomes. " 01/01/2021 - "The study aimed at investigating the patterns of beta-2 activity associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). " 02/01/2011 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) in the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. " 01/01/2006 - "The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for postoperative cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. " 04/01/2005 - "Coronary artery bypass grafting has been associated with both early and late postoperative cognitive decline, but interpretation of previous studies has been limited by lack of appropriate control groups. "
4.	General Anesthesia 01/01/2023 - "Through a large number of clinical studies and trials, it has been confirmed that elderly patients can experience postoperative cognitive dysfunction after general anesthesia/surgery. " 01/01/2020 - "Purpose: The study examined postoperative cognitive dysfunction in premenopausal and postmenopausal women undergoing surgery with general anesthesia.Methods" 01/01/2018 - "Clinical observation, as well as randomized controlled trials, indicated an increasing rate of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) with increasing depth of general anesthesia. " 01/01/2015 - "To investigate the adequacy of the neuropsychological test battery proposed by the International Study of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction to evaluate this disorder in Brazilian elderly patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. " 05/15/2024 - "Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a kind of serious postoperative complication in surgery with general anesthesia and it may affect patients' normal lives. "
5.	Electroacupuncture 01/01/2024 - "Effects of electroacupuncture on postoperative cognitive dysfunction and its underlying mechanisms: a literature review of rodent studies." 12/01/2022 - "Effects of electroacupuncture on postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a preclinical study (abridged secondary publication)." 12/01/2023 - "Electroacupuncture modulates gut microbiota in mice: A potential target in postoperative cognitive dysfunction." 06/12/2021 - "To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on hippocampal oxidative stress in aged mice with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and explore the relevant mechanism of EA pretreatment on the improvement of learning and memory in POCD aged mice. " 06/12/2021 - "[Effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment on hippocampal oxidative stress in aged mice with postoperative cognitive dysfunction]."