Organophosphate Poisoning

Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.

Also Known As:

Organophosphorus Poisoning; Organothiophosphate Poisoning; Organothiophosphonate Poisoning; Organophosphate Poisonings; Organothiophosphate Poisonings; Organothiophosphonate Poisonings; Poisoning, Organophosphate; Poisoning, Organothiophosphate; Poisoning, Organothiophosphonate; Poisonings, Organophosphate; Poisonings, Organothiophosphate; Poisonings, Organothiophosphonate

Networked: 800 relevant articles (57 outcomes, 85 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Chemically-Induced Disorders: 2
- Poisoning: 39310
  - Organophosphate Poisoning: 800

Related Diseases

1.	Poisoning
2.	Shock
3.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
4.	Parkinsonian Disorders (Parkinsonism)
5.	Disease Progression

Experts

1.	Worek, Franz: 20 articles (12/2022 - 10/2005)
2.	Thiermann, Horst: 17 articles (12/2022 - 12/2005)
3.	Kuca, Kamil: 14 articles (07/2020 - 08/2006)
4.	Musilek, Kamil: 11 articles (01/2021 - 10/2008)
5.	Masson, Patrick: 9 articles (05/2022 - 04/2007)
6.	Eyer, Peter: 9 articles (03/2012 - 10/2005)
7.	Jun, Daniel: 8 articles (05/2019 - 10/2008)
8.	Eddleston, Michael: 6 articles (01/2021 - 10/2005)
9.	Bhalla, Ashish: 5 articles (05/2022 - 01/2009)
10.	Houzé, Pascal: 5 articles (07/2020 - 01/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Organophosphate Poisoning:

1.	pralidoxime (Protopam Chloride)FDA Link 01/01/2015 - "Is the World Health Organization-recommended dose of pralidoxime effective in the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning? " 01/01/2019 - "Pralidoxime is widely used for the treatment of organophosphate poisoning. " 03/04/2020 - "The Efficacy of Pralidoxime in the Treatment of Organophosphate Poisoning in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials." 01/01/2014 - "The efficacy of pralidoxime in organophosphorus poisoning: a commentary." 01/01/2014 - "Efficacy of pralidoxime in organophosphorus poisoning: revisiting the controversy in Indian setting."
2.	OximesIBA 03/01/2006 - "In this study, we undertook a meta-analysis by reviewing all clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of oximes in the management of organophosphate poisoning. " 11/01/2014 - "The Efficacy of Oximes in Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning; An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." 11/01/2014 - "The Efficacy of Oximes in Acute Human Organophosphorus Poisoning; An Updated Meta-Analysis." 03/01/2007 - "Unequal efficacy of pyridinium oximes in acute organophosphate poisoning." 08/01/1988 - "[Efficacy of several oximes on organophosphorus poisoning]."
3.	Atropine FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2014 - "Cases of organophosphate poisoning treated with high-dose of atropine in an intensive care unit and the novel treatment approaches." 10/01/2021 - "To describe an unusual case of transplacentally acquired organophosphorus poisoning, highlighting the clinical presentation, the management with atropine, and the neurological outcome. " 01/01/2019 - "Atropine Challenge Test in Screening the Organophosphorus Poisoning Cases with Atypical Presentation; a Brief Report." 01/01/2019 - "Acute organophosphate poisoning treated with atropine showed a potential for inducing prothrombotic coagulation abnormalities, presented with PT. " 07/01/2012 - "Acute methaemoglobinaemia initially treated as organophosphate poisoning leading to atropine toxicity."
4.	OrganophosphatesIBA 12/13/2016 - "This study evaluated self-reported symptoms as a proxy for acute organophosphate poisoning among Nepali farmers by examining self-reported acute organophosphate poisoning symptoms and PchE activity in response to occupational acute organophosphate exposure. " 12/01/2009 - "This study investigated the prognostic risk factors and the mortality of different organophosphates following acute organophosphate poisoning. " 12/01/2023 - "This article reviews the signs and symptoms associated with acute organophosphate poisoning and highlights the effects of organophosphate off-gassing during postmortem examinations to increase awareness of this potentially dangerous workplace exposure.Paramedics" 11/01/2022 - "Our case suggests that CRRT might play a role in treating organophosphate poisoning by possibly eliminating organophosphate." 10/29/2021 - "Since agriculture remains an important and necessary sector of human society and organophosphate are commonly used in agriculture, it is difficult to prevent organophosphate poisoning. "
5.	Pyridostigmine Bromide (Pyridostigmine)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2011 - "pyridostigmine bromide) are used as a pre-treatment for the prevention of organophosphorus poisoning. " 12/01/1996 - "Pyridostigmine is also recommended by most Western armies for use as pretreatment under threat of chemical warfare, because of its protective effect against organophosphate poisoning. " 09/01/1989 - "Pyridostigmine bromide (PB) delivered transdermally may be a useful pretreatment for organophosphate poisoning. " 01/01/1994 - "The efficacy of pyridostigmine bromide (PY) prophylaxis against organophosphorus poisoning depends on post exposure atropine (AT) administration. " 01/01/2000 - "Pyridostigmine which is widely used as pretreatment of organophosphate poisoning protects cholinesterases of peripheral nervous system. "
6.	Cholinesterases (Cholinesterase)IBA 01/01/2023 - "The mean cholinesterase level among organophosphorus poisoning patients was similar when compared to other studies done in similar settings. " 01/01/2023 - "The aim of the study is to find out the mean cholinesterase level among organophosphorus poisoning patients visiting the Emergency Department in a tertiary care centre. " 01/01/2023 - "cholinesterases; liver function tests; organophosphorus poisoning." 01/01/2023 - "The mean cholinesterase level among organophosphorus poisoning patients was 1978.82±1878.22 (1660.17-2297.47, 90% Confidence Interval). " 01/01/2023 - "Mean Cholinesterase Level among Organophosphorus Poisoning Patients Visiting the Emergency Department in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study."
7.	AntidotesIBA 01/01/2000 - "The main purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical stability of a new antidote combination for the treatment of organophosphate poisoning. " 01/01/2021 - "An Antidote Screening System for Organophosphorus Poisoning Using Zebrafish Larvae." 05/01/2011 - "The antidotal treatment of organophosphorus poisoning is still a problematic issue since no versatile antidote has been developed yet. " 03/01/2010 - "[Is PAM an effective antidote for organophosphate poisoning? " 03/01/2010 - "[Is PAM an effective antidote for organophosphate poisoning? "
8.	Aryldialkylphosphatase (Paraoxonase)IBA 04/01/1997 - "The increase of serum paraoxonase activity in developing animals correlates well with the increased resistance to organophosphate poisoning that has been reported in previous studies." 04/01/2023 - "Fused human paraoxonase 1 as a prophylactic agent against organophosphate poisoning." 09/01/2016 - "Refolded Recombinant Human Paraoxonase 1 Variant Exhibits Prophylactic Activity Against Organophosphate Poisoning." 07/01/2015 - "[Role and significance of paraoxonase in acute organophosphate poisoning]." 04/01/2011 - "To provide toxicokinetic and clinical evidence of the hydrolytic effect of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) on acute organophosphate poisoning in rats. "
9.	DichlorvosIBA 06/23/2015 - "In a mouse model of organophosphate poisoning, the nanoparticles were shown to improve the AChE activity in the blood and markedly improved the survival of dichlorvos-challenged mice. " 01/01/2018 - "QT Prolongation as an Isolated Long-Term Cardiac Manifestation of Dichlorvos Organophosphate Poisoning in Rats." 08/01/2004 - "Our observations suggest a delayed extrapyramidal syndrome should be taken into account during the course of acute dichlorvos organophosphate poisonings." 08/01/2004 - "Extrapyramidal syndrome as a delayed and reversible complication of acute dichlorvos organophosphate poisoning." 04/01/2014 - "Atypical manifestations of organophosphorus poisoning following subcutaneous injection of Dichlorvos with suicidal intention."
10.	Obidoxime Chloride (Obidoxime)IBA 01/01/1995 - "Efficacy of obidoxime in human organophosphorus poisoning: determination by neuromuscular transmission studies." 03/01/2016 - "Intranasal delivery of obidoxime to the brain prevents mortality and CNS damage from organophosphate poisoning." 09/01/2009 - "The effects of obidoxime in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning were assessed by biochemical and biological effect monitoring. " 09/01/2009 - "Obidoxime in acute organophosphate poisoning: 2 - PK/PD relationships." 09/01/2009 - "Obidoxime in acute organophosphate poisoning: 1 - clinical effectiveness."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 09/01/2018 - "Isolated organs proofed to be a robust tool to study effects of (potential) therapeutics in organophosphate poisoning. " 11/01/1989 - "Antidotal therapy of severe acute organophosphate poisoning: a multihospital study." 03/01/1983 - "5 Marmoset muscle is a reasonable model for human muscle for the study of organophosphate poisoning and therapy." 09/01/2018 - "Human small bowel as a useful tool to investigate smooth muscle effects of potential therapeutics in organophosphate poisoning." 01/01/2018 - "Oxidative stress in organophosphate poisoning: role of standard antidotal therapy."
2.	Hemoperfusion 11/01/2012 - "[To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of hemoperfusion in treating intermediate syndrome following acute organophosphate poisoning]." 11/01/2005 - "In acute organophosphate poisoning, the efficacy of hemoperfusion on clinical status and mortality." 11/01/2014 - "Early repeated hemoperfusion is more efficient than single hemoperfusion in treating organophosphate poisoning." 11/01/2014 - "We tested therapeutic efficacies of different hemoperfusion frequencies in patients with acute severe organophosphate poisoning (ASOP). " 11/01/2014 - "Therapeutic efficacies of different hemoperfusion frequencies in patients with organophosphate poisoning."
3.	Intranasal Administration 12/19/2022 - "Therapy of Organophosphate Poisoning via Intranasal Administration of 2-PAM-Loaded Chitosomes." 03/01/2016 - "For these reasons we examined intranasal administration of oximes in an animal model of severe organophosphate poisoning to determine their effectiveness in reducing mortality and seizure-induced neuronal degeneration. " 05/01/2023 - "In addition, compared with intravenous injection, nasal administration was proved to be more effective against organophosphorus poisoning, and the reactivation rate of brain acetylcholinesterase reached (26.19 ± 7.70)%. "
4.	Blood Transfusion (Blood Transfusions) 03/01/2017 - "Efficacy of fresh packed red blood transfusion in organophosphate poisoning." 09/01/2011 - "Whole blood transfusion in the treatment of an acute organophosphorus poisoning--a case report."
5.	Intravenous Injections 05/01/2023 - "In addition, compared with intravenous injection, nasal administration was proved to be more effective against organophosphorus poisoning, and the reactivation rate of brain acetylcholinesterase reached (26.19 ± 7.70)%. "