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Low Back Pain (Lumbago)

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Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.

Also Known As:

Lumbago; Lower Back Pain; Mechanical Low Back Pain; Back Pain, Low; Low Back Ache; Low Back Pain, Mechanical; Low Back Pain, Posterior Compartment; Low Back Pain, Postural; Low Back Pain, Recurrent; Low Backache; Postural Low Back Pain; Recurrent Low Back Pain; Ache, Low Back; Aches, Low Back; Back Ache, Low; Back Aches, Low; Back Pain, Lower; Back Pains, Low; Back Pains, Lower; Backache, Low; Backaches, Low; Low Back Aches; Low Back Pains; Low Backaches; Lower Back Pains; Pain, Low Back; Pain, Lower Back; Pains, Low Back; Pains, Lower Back

Networked: 2844 relevant articles (410 outcomes, 621 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Osteoarthritis
3.	Sciatica (Sciatic Neuralgia)
4.	Radiculopathy (Radiculopathy, Cervical)
5.	Neck Pain (Cervicalgia)

Experts

1.	Manchikanti, Laxmaiah: 15 articles (11/2012 - 12/2002)
2.	Fritz, Julie M: 11 articles (10/2012 - 07/2003)
3.	Childs, John D: 11 articles (10/2012 - 02/2004)
4.	Pampati, Vidyasagar: 11 articles (06/2012 - 04/2006)
5.	Cash, Kimberly A: 10 articles (06/2012 - 05/2007)
6.	Singh, Vijay: 9 articles (11/2012 - 12/2002)
7.	Takahashi, Kazuhisa: 9 articles (10/2012 - 04/2004)
8.	Ohtori, Seiji: 9 articles (10/2012 - 04/2004)
9.	Latimer, Jane: 9 articles (02/2012 - 07/2002)
10.	Manchikanti, L: 8 articles (10/2001 - 10/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Low Back Pain:

1.	SteroidsIBA 05/01/2011 - "How effective--and safe--are systemic steroids for acute low back pain?" 06/01/2008 - "The goal of this article is to review the literature regarding the efficacy of intradiscal steroids to treat low back pain of discogenic origin." 11/01/2011 - "After institutional review board approval, 42 age-matched patients with similar lower back pain and unilateral radicular symptoms were enrolled and randomized in a patient and evaluating physician blinded trial to IL or TF epidural steroids from 2007 through 2009. " 02/01/2004 - "This study aimed at describing the use of epidural steroids to treat low back pain syndromes. " 01/01/2011 - "Targeted Epidural endoscopy associated with injection of O(2)/O(3) and steroids is a safe and efficient minimally invasive procedure to be used in patients with refractory low back pain. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs)IBA 07/15/2008 - "There is strong evidence that various types of NSAIDs, including COX-2 NSAIDs, are equally effective for acute low back pain. " 01/01/2008 - "There is strong evidence that various types of NSAIDs, including COX-2 NSAIDs, are equally effective for acute low-back pain. " 01/01/2006 - "There is strong evidence (level 1) that various types of NSAIDs are equally effective for acute low back pain. " 07/29/2000 - "There was strong evidence that advice to stay active, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and muscle relaxants were effective in acute low back pain. " 01/01/2000 - "There is strong evidence (level 1) that various types of NSAIDs are equally effective for acute low back pain. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2008 - "There is insufficient evidence to assess the efficacy of paracetamol in patients with low back pain. " 01/01/2010 - "PACE--the first placebo controlled trial of paracetamol for acute low back pain: design of a randomised controlled trial." 11/01/2008 - "There is a clear need for large, high quality randomized controlled trials evaluating paracetamol, to provide reliable evidence of paracetamol's effectiveness in patients with low back pain and to establish the validity of the recommendations in clinical guidelines." 11/01/2008 - "Trials were eligible if they were randomized controlled trials comparing paracetamol to no treatment, placebo or another treatment in patients with non-specific low back pain. " 08/01/2010 - "Use acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or muscle relaxants for short-term relief of acute nonspecific low back pain. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)IBA 12/01/2009 - "VAS low back pain improved significantly from 61 (+/-25) to 32 (+/-27) with the IDD protocol and 53 (+/-26) to 36 (+/-27) in the SHAM protocol. " 01/01/2012 - "SMT is no more effective in participants with acute low-back pain than inert interventions, sham SMT, or when added to another intervention. " 12/01/2010 - "Many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and reviews concluded that acupuncture is not an effective treatment for low back pain (LBP) and there is no difference between real acupuncture and sham acupuncture in the treatment of LBP. " 07/01/2004 - "To compare the relative efficacy of chiropractic adjustments with muscle relaxants and placebo/sham for subacute low back pain. " 08/01/2010 - "The lack of studies with a low-risk of bias, especially in regard to SMT precludes any strong conclusions; however, the principal findings, which are based upon low- to very-low-quality evidence, suggest that SMT does not provide a more clinically beneficial effect compared with sham, passive modalities or any other intervention for treatment of chronic low-back pain. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Tramadol FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2000 - "Among patients who tolerated it well, tramadol was effective for the treatment of chronic low back pain." 03/01/2008 - "This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of tramadol ER 300 mg and 200 mg versus placebo once daily in the treatment of chronic low back pain, using an open-label run-in followed by, without washout, a randomized controlled study design. " 12/01/2000 - "Efficacy of tramadol in treatment of chronic low back pain." 03/01/2000 - "Efficacy of tramadol in treatment of chronic low back pain." 09/01/2008 - "This multicentre, open-label, single-dose study examined the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of Tramadol Contramid OAD in patients with acute low back pain. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	3- (3- dimethylamino- 1- ethyl- 2- methylpropyl)phenol FDA Link 01/01/2011 - "Tapentadol in the management of chronic low back pain: a novel approach to a complex condition?" 08/01/2010 - "Efficacy and safety of tapentadol extended release for the management of chronic low back pain: results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled Phase III study." 01/01/2010 - "Approximately equivalent TDDs of tapentadol IR and tapentadol ER provided equivalent analgesic efficacy for the relief of moderate to severe chronic low back pain and were similarly well tolerated, allowing for direct conversion between the 2 formulations. " 08/01/2010 - "To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tapentadol extended release (ER) for the management of moderate to severe chronic low back pain. " 01/01/2010 - "Dose conversion between tapentadol immediate and extended release for low back pain." Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Oxycodone (Oxycontin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1999 - "In a study of similar design, 57 patients with low back pain were titrated with either CR or IR oxycodone (maximum dose, 80 mg/day) for a period of up to 10 days. " 05/01/2011 - "Long-term safety of Remoxy® (extended-release oxycodone) in patients with moderate to severe chronic osteoarthritis or low back pain." 05/01/2011 - "Evaluate the long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of Remoxy® (extended-release oxycodone) in patients with chronic pain related to osteoarthritis of the hip and/or knee or chronic low back pain. " 01/01/2012 - "One formulation, oxycodone CR, has shown effectiveness in cancer pain patients and in some trials of noncancer low back pain. " 05/01/2007 - "Adult patients who previously participated in controlled trials of CR oxycodone for osteoarthritis pain, diabetic neuropathy pain, or low back pain, and who continued to require opioid analgesia for moderate or severe pain, were enrolled in an open-label, uncontrolled, registry study. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Analgesics (Analgesic Drugs)IBA 01/01/2010 - "Clinical guidelines for the management of patients with acute low back pain recommend first-line treatment consisting of advice, reassurance and simple analgesics. " 01/01/2008 - "Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, and simple analgesics." 01/01/2008 - "Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with adjunctive analgesics." 07/01/2004 - "Economic evaluation of this study suggests that the NHS cost of introducing heat wrap therapy in place of oral analgesics would be modest and heat wrap therapy might potentially reduce the total cost of managing episodes of lower back pain." 12/01/2012 - "The management of non-specific low back pain relies chiefly on analgesics, education, and physical exercises. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Diclofenac (SR 38)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2007 - "(with a second dose on day 1) provides effective relief for acute low back pain, and was at least as efficacious as diclofenac 75 mg b.i.d., with a nonsignificant but numerically lower incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events." 10/01/2009 - "This study involved a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of diclofenac in 239 patients presenting to general practitioners for acute low back pain. " 01/01/2007 - "A randomised, double-blind, parallel, active controlled, multicentre study that included 370 outpatients with acute low back pain was conducted to compare the analgesic efficacy of dexketoprofen 50mg twice daily versus diclofenac 75mg twice daily administered intramuscularly for 2 days. " 01/01/2007 - "A multicentre, randomised, double-blind study comparing the efficacy and tolerability of intramuscular dexketoprofen versus diclofenac in the symptomatic treatment of acute low back pain." 03/01/2006 - "Before this hospitalization, he had received a 2-week course of oral diclofenac sodium 25 mg TID for low back pain. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)IBA 07/01/2008 - "A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies confirmed that dual-action antidepressants, but not SSRIs, were effective in reducing chronic lower-back pain. " 07/01/2004 - "Review: tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants are moderately effective for reducing chronic low-back pain." 10/01/2005 - "Clinical trials of the efficacy of antidepressant drugs in patients with chronic low back pain have had mixed results, possibly because of the different mechanisms of action of the drugs that have been studied. " 11/15/2003 - "Based on a small number of studies, tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants appear to produce moderate symptom reductions for patients with chronic low back pain. " 12/01/1993 - "However, further randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether antidepressants are useful for low back pain." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Spinal Manipulation 02/01/1999 - "Based on the most recent and comprehensive systematic reviews, there is moderate evidence of short-term efficacy for spinal manipulation in the treatment of both acute and chronic low back pain. " 05/01/2005 - "Spinal manipulation (SM) is an effective treatment for low back pain (LBP), and it has been theorized that SM induces a beneficial neurophysiological effect by stimulating mechanically sensitive neurons in the lumbar facet joint capsule (FJC). " 02/01/1994 - "These nerve impingements are postulated to be the result of misaligned vertebra or "subluxations." Research indicates that spinal manipulation may be beneficial in low back pain, but the claim that spinal manipulation is of value for optimizing general health and treating non-musculoskeletal conditions is unfounded." 02/01/1982 - "Three criteria of reliability and validity were used: (1) significant agreement between independent observers, (2) significantly different scores in the groups with and without low back pain, and (3) significant improvement following a successful spinal manipulation. " 04/15/2012 - "Is spinal manipulation an effective treatment for low back pain? " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Injections 08/01/2008 - "The rates of epidural steroid injections have increased dramatically over time, with conflicting evidence regarding the efficacy of epidural steroid injections for the treatment of various low-back pain disorders. " 03/01/2008 - "Research studies have shown that injections of sterile water to relieve low back pain during labor are effective with good maternal satisfaction. " 02/01/2012 - "Spinal steroid injections are beneficial for low back pain and disability in the short-term. " 04/01/2003 - "Are fluoroscopic caudal epidural steroid injections effective for managing chronic low back pain?" 02/01/2009 - "Epidural steroid injections are useful for the treatment of low back pain and radicular symptoms: con." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Musculoskeletal Manipulations (Manipulative Therapy) 07/01/2011 - "Several conservative therapies have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of chronic low back pain (CLBP), including different forms of exercise and spinal manipulative therapy (SMT). " 11/01/2005 - "Manual therapy with specific adjuvant exercise appears to be beneficial in treating chronic low back pain. " 08/01/2010 - "The main objective of this study was to assess whether a higher percentage of adherence to the Dutch physical and manual therapy guidelines for low back pain is related to improved outcomes. " 10/01/2011 - "We sought to answer the following clinical questions: (1) Is structured exercise more effective in the treatment of chronic low back pain (LBP) than spinal manipulative therapy (SMT)? " 01/01/2004 - "There is no evidence that spinal manipulative therapy is superior to other standard treatments for patients with acute or chronic low-back pain." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Epidural Injections 08/01/2012 - "Epidural injections have become the most commonly performed intervention in the management of chronic low back pain in the United States." 05/01/2012 - "Caudal epidural injections in the management of chronic low back pain: a systematic appraisal of the literature." 01/01/2009 - "Systematic review of caudal epidural injections in the management of chronic low back pain." 04/01/2002 - "This review discusses various aspects of the role of caudal epidural injections in the management of chronic low back pain, including pathophysiology of low back pain, indications, clinical effectiveness and complications." 04/01/2002 - "Role of caudal epidural injections in the management of chronic low back pain." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Exercise Therapy (Therapy, Exercise) 08/01/2006 - "Exercise therapy has limited value for acute low back pain, but strong evidence supports exercise therapy in the management of chronic low back pain. " 11/01/2000 - "There is strong evidence that exercise therapy is not more effective for acute low back pain than inactive or other active treatments with which it has been compared. " 10/01/2009 - "During the last few decades a change of paradigm in treating non-specific low back pain has happened: physical activity and exercise therapy are now recommended as the first-line treatment in all relevant national and international guidelines. " 06/01/2001 - "Long-term results suggest that specific exercise therapy in addition to medical management and resumption of normal activity may be more effective in reducing low back pain recurrences than medical management and normal activity alone." 04/01/2010 - "Systematic reviews have shown that exercise therapy is effective for chronic but not for acute low back pain. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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