A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Also Known As:
Cytochrome P450; Cytochrome P 450; Cytochrome P-450; CYP450 Family; CYP450 Superfamily; Cytochrome P-450 Enzymes; Cytochrome P-450 Families; Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenase; Cytochrome P-450 Oxygenase; Cytochrome P-450 Superfamily; Cytochrome P450 Superfamily; Cytochrome p450 Families; P-450 Enzymes; P450 Enzymes; Cytochrome P 450 Dependent Monooxygenase; Cytochrome P 450 Enzyme; Cytochrome P 450 Enzyme System; Cytochrome P 450 Enzymes; Cytochrome P 450 Families; Cytochrome P 450 Monooxygenase; Cytochrome P 450 Oxygenase; Cytochrome P 450 Superfamily; Enzyme, Cytochrome P-450; Enzyme, P-450; Enzyme, P450; Enzymes, Cytochrome P-450; Enzymes, P-450; Enzymes, P450; Monooxygenase, Cytochrome P-450; Monooxygenase, Cytochrome P-450-Dependent; P 450 Enzyme; P 450 Enzymes; P-450 Enzyme, Cytochrome; P-450 Enzymes, Cytochrome; Superfamily, CYP450; Superfamily, Cytochrome P-450; Superfamily, Cytochrome P450; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme; Cytochrome P-450-Dependent Monooxygenase; P-450 Enzyme; P450 Enzyme