K Cl- Cotransporters

A subclass of symporters that specifically transport POTASSIUM and CHLORIDE ions across cellular membranes. Potassium chloride cotransporters play roles in regulating cell volume and intracellular chloride concentration.

Also Known As:

Cl- Co-transporters, K; Co-transporter 2, Potassium-Chloride; Co-transporter 3, K-Cl; Co-transporter 4, Potassium-Chloride; Co-transporter, K-Cl; Co-transporter, KCC2; Co-transporter, KCC3; Co-transporter, KCC4; Co-transporters, K Cl-; Co-transporters, Potassium-Chloride; Cotransporter, K-Cl; Cotransporter, KCC2; Cotransporter, KCC3; Cotransporter, KCC4; Cotransporters, K Cl-; Cotransporters, Potassium-Chloride; Electroneutral Potassium Chloride Co transporter 3; Electroneutral Potassium Chloride Cotransporter 3; K Cl Co transporter; K Cl Co transporter 3; K Cl Co transporters; K Cl Cotransporter; K Cl Cotransporter 3; K Cl Cotransporters; KCC2 Co transporter; KCC3 Co transporter; KCC4 Co transporter; Potassium Chloride Co transporter 2; Potassium Chloride Co transporter 4; Potassium Chloride Co transporters; Potassium Chloride Cotransporter 2; Potassium Chloride Cotransporter 4; Potassium Chloride Cotransporters; Potassium Chloride Symporters; Protein, SLC12A5; Protein, SLC12A6; Protein, SLC12A7; Electroneutral Potassium-Chloride Co-transporter 3; Electroneutral Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter 3; K Cl- Co-transporters; K(+), Cl(-)-Co-transporters; K(+), Cl(-)-Cotransporters; K-Cl Co-transporter; K-Cl Co-transporter 3; K-Cl Cotransporter; K-Cl Cotransporter 3; KCC2 Co-transporter; KCC2 Cotransporter; KCC3 Co-transporter; KCC3 Cotransporter; KCC4 Co-transporter; KCC4 Cotransporter; Potassium-Chloride Co-transporter 2; Potassium-Chloride Co-transporter 4; Potassium-Chloride Co-transporters; Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter 2; Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter 4; Potassium-Chloride Cotransporters; Potassium-Chloride Symporters; SLC12A5 Protein; SLC12A6 Protein; SLC12A7 Protein; Solute Carrier Family 12 Member 5; Solute Carrier Family 12 Member 6; Solute carrier family 12 member 7

Networked: 197 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 17 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins: 1
- Proteins: 484843
  - Carrier Proteins: 12999
    - Membrane Transport Proteins: 589
      - Ion Pumps: 61
        Symporters: 1442
        Solute Carrier Family 12: 13
        K Cl- Cotransporters: 197
        Member 4 Solute Carrier Family 12: 1
        human SLC12A4 protein
        human SLC12A5 protein
        human SLC12A6 protein
        human SLC12A7 protein
        mouse KCC2 protein
        mouse Slc12a4 protein
        mouse Slc12a6 protein
        mouse Slc12a7 protein
        rat Slc12a6 protein
        rat Slc12a7 protein
      - Solute Carrier Proteins: 34
        K Cl- Cotransporters: 197
        Member 4 Solute Carrier Family 12: 1
        human SLC12A4 protein
        human SLC12A5 protein
        human SLC12A6 protein
        human SLC12A7 protein
        mouse KCC2 protein
        mouse Slc12a4 protein
        mouse Slc12a6 protein
        mouse Slc12a7 protein
        rat Slc12a6 protein
        rat Slc12a7 protein
  - Membrane Proteins: 10078
    - Membrane Transport Proteins: 589
      - Ion Pumps: 61
        Symporters: 1442
        K Cl- Cotransporters: 197
        human SLC12A4 protein
        human SLC12A5 protein
        human SLC12A6 protein
        human SLC12A7 protein
        mouse KCC2 protein
        mouse Slc12a4 protein
        mouse Slc12a6 protein
        mouse Slc12a7 protein
        rat Slc12a6 protein
        rat Slc12a7 protein
      - Solute Carrier Proteins: 34
        K Cl- Cotransporters: 197
        human SLC12A4 protein
        human SLC12A5 protein
        human SLC12A6 protein
        human SLC12A7 protein
        mouse KCC2 protein
        mouse Slc12a4 protein
        mouse Slc12a6 protein
        mouse Slc12a7 protein
        rat Slc12a6 protein
        rat Slc12a7 protein

Experts

1.	Delpire, Eric: 13 articles (01/2021 - 01/2002)
2.	Kahle, Kristopher T: 11 articles (01/2021 - 09/2008)
3.	Rust, Marco B: 7 articles (03/2020 - 04/2002)
4.	Rouleau, Guy A: 7 articles (10/2017 - 11/2002)
5.	Kaila, Kai: 6 articles (12/2018 - 02/2010)
6.	Hübner, Christian A: 6 articles (07/2014 - 04/2002)
7.	Moss, Stephen J: 5 articles (01/2022 - 07/2014)
8.	Alper, Seth L: 5 articles (03/2020 - 03/2007)
9.	Dion, Patrick A: 5 articles (10/2017 - 01/2013)
10.	Mount, David B: 5 articles (09/2008 - 01/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Epilepsy (Aura) 06/01/2018 - "The neuronal specific K+/Cl- co-transporter 2 (KCC2) is a critical determinant of the efficacy of GABAergic inhibition and deficits in its activity are observed in mTLE patients and animal models of epilepsy. " 09/13/2023 - "Neuronal K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2 as a promising drug target for epilepsy treatment." 01/01/2020 - "To that end, targeting the electroneutral K+/Cl- cotransporter KCC2 has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of epilepsy. " 01/01/2019 - "GABAergic neuronal abnormalities and K-Cl cotransporter type 2 (KCC2) immaturity may be contributing factors for FCD-related epilepsy. " 12/01/2016 - "The KCC2 Cotransporter and Human Epilepsy: Getting Excited About Inhibition."
2.	Neuralgia (Stump Neuralgia) 12/15/2020 - "In past reports, various mechanisms of neuropathic pain development have been reported, one of which is the downregulation of K+-Cl--cotransporter-2 (KCC2) expression. " 01/01/2020 - "Potassium Chloride Cotransporter 2 Inhibits Neuropathic Pain and Future Development of Neurodegeneration." 01/01/2019 - "Here, we test whether the K+-Cl- co-transporter KCC2, which regulates synaptic inhibition, plays an equally important role in development of neuropathic pain in male and female rodents. " 01/01/2018 - "Potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) has been indicated to serve a crucial role during chronic neuropathic pain (NP). " 01/01/2018 - "The Role of K+-Cl--Cotransporter-2 in Neuropathic Pain."
3.	Dehydration (Water Stress) 06/01/2007 - "Disruption of erythroid K-Cl cotransporters alters erythrocyte volume and partially rescues erythrocyte dehydration in SAD mice." 03/01/2002 - "This permeability, usually described as P (sickle), triggers a chain of events in which two constitutive transporters of the red cell membrane become activated-the recently cloned intermediate conductance, Ca 2+ -sensitive K channel, and the electroneutral K:Cl cotransporter-leading to sickle cell dehydration. " 10/01/1997 - "The K-Cl cotransporter is a major determinant of sickle cell dehydration and is inhibited by increasing erythrocyte Mg content. " 03/01/2002 - "This article reviews knowledge of the dehydration mechanism, stressing the marked heterogeneity of dehydration rates in sickle cell populations, and discusses recent contributions to understanding of the function and regulation of P (sickle), Ca 2+ -sensitive K channel, and K:Cl cotransporter, and of therapies targeted at these transporters." 03/01/2020 - "Corrigendum to "Combined genetic disruption of K-Cl cotransporters and Gardos channel KCNN4 rescues erythrocyte dehydration in the SAD mouse model of sickle cell disease" [Blood Cells Mol. "
4.	Chronic Pain 11/21/2012 - "A reduction in the expression and function of the potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 occurred during chronic pain, which reduces the efficacy of the inhibitory inputs to L2/3 excitatory neurons. "
5.	Spinal Cord Injuries (Spinal Cord Injury) 01/01/2023 - "These results indicated that SCI-induced DO is associated with downregulation of KCC2 in preganglionic parasympathetic neurons and that activation of KCC2 transporters can reduce DO, increase KCC2 expression in preganglionic parasympathetic neurons, and decrease neuronal firing of SPN neurons in SCI mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first report to suggest that activation of the Cl- transporter K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 may be a therapeutic modality for the treatment of spinal cord injury-induced detrusor overactivity by targeting bladder efferent pathways." 01/01/2023 - "This study aimed to clarify whether downregulation of K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) of the lumbosacral spinal cord, from which the efferent pathway innervating the bladder originates, causes cellular hyperexcitability and triggers detrusor overactivity (DO) in spinal cord injury (SCI). " 01/01/2022 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of LIFU in order to alleviate spasticity following spinal cord injury (SCI) by activating the spinal neurocircuits and increasing the expression of the neuronal K-Cl cotransporter KCC2. " 01/01/2022 - "Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Alleviates Spasticity and Increases Expression of the Neuronal K-Cl Cotransporter in the L4-L5 Sections of Rats Following Spinal Cord Injury." 10/01/2018 - "After spinal cord injury (SCI), the co-transporter (KCC2) that regulates the outward flow of Cl- is down-regulated. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Cations
2.	Serotonin (5 Hydroxytryptamine)
3.	methylamine (methylammonium)
4.	Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters
5.	Potassium Chloride
6.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
7.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
8.	Chlorides
9.	Symporters
10.	Aminobutyrates (Aminobutyric Acid)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Ovariectomy (Oophorectomy)
3.	Lasers (Laser)
4.	Intraperitoneal Injections
5.	Analgesia