Autoimmune Pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis associated with autoimmune diseases.

Also Known As:

Autoimmune Pancreatitides; Duct-centric Pancreatitis, Idiopathic; Idiopathic Duct centric Pancreatitis; Idiopathic Duct-centric Pancreatitides; IgG4 related Pancreatitis; IgG4-related Pancreatitides; Pancreatitis, Autoimmune; Pancreatitis, Idiopathic Duct-centric; Pancreatitis, IgG4-related; Idiopathic Duct-centric Pancreatitis; IgG4-related Pancreatitis; Type 1 AIP; Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis; Type 2 AIP; Type 2 Autoimmune Pancreatitis

Networked: 979 relevant articles (79 outcomes, 72 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Chronic Pancreatitis
2.	Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease
3.	Pancreatic Neoplasms (Pancreatic Cancer)
4.	Autoimmune Pancreatitis
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer)

Experts

1.	Okazaki, Kazuichi: 57 articles (06/2022 - 10/2001)
2.	Kawa, Shigeyuki: 51 articles (10/2021 - 05/2002)
3.	Kamisawa, Terumi: 44 articles (10/2021 - 09/2003)
4.	Uchida, Kazushige: 40 articles (06/2022 - 04/2002)
5.	Hamano, Hideaki: 36 articles (12/2020 - 05/2002)
6.	Chari, Suresh T: 34 articles (01/2018 - 01/2007)
7.	Frulloni, Luca: 23 articles (05/2022 - 05/2008)
8.	Kim, Myung-Hwan: 22 articles (10/2022 - 02/2008)
9.	Ikeura, Tsukasa: 19 articles (06/2022 - 01/2007)
10.	Zen, Yoh: 19 articles (01/2022 - 02/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Autoimmune Pancreatitis:

1.	SteroidsIBA 04/01/2011 - "The immunological test was suggestive of autoimmune pancreatitis, and the patient responded well to a course of steroids, with complete resolution of the pancreatic mass. " 04/01/2012 - "The detailed radiological findings of type 1 and type 2 AIP were not significantly different, and both subtypes responded well to steroids." 04/01/2009 - "Autoimmune pancreatitis showed high signal intensity on DWI, which improved after steroid treatment. " 04/01/2018 - "Overall, 55.7% (54/97) of type 1 AIP patients in the W&S group experienced transient remission without steroid treatment. " 02/01/2011 - "Steroids are effective in inducing remission and in treating relapse in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. "
2.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 03/01/2014 - "Comparable efficacy of low- versus high-dose induction corticosteroid treatment in autoimmune pancreatitis." 01/01/2020 - "Corticosteroids are effective in the treatment of 90% of autoimmune pancreatitis cases, but for the remaining 10%, options are limited. " 06/01/2011 - "Factors predictive of relapse and spontaneous remission of autoimmune pancreatitis patients treated/not treated with corticosteroids." 07/01/2010 - "Remission and relapse of autoimmune pancreatitis: focusing on corticosteroid treatment." 05/30/2007 - "In the course, the diagnosis of an autoimmune pancreatitis was maid and symptoms quickly improved after the introduction of corticosteroids. "
3.	Rituximab (Mabthera)FDA Link 01/01/2022 - "Rituximab is an effective treatment for type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis that provides a rapid strong clinical, biological, and morphological response, which persists after discontinuation without any safety issues." 10/01/2019 - "Risk factors and treatment of relapses in autoimmune pancreatitis: Rituximab is safe and effective." 01/01/2023 - "Rituximab has shown efficacy in the setting of relapsing non-ICI-induced autoimmune pancreatitis. " 01/01/2022 - "To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab in relapsing type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis especially the long-term clinical and immunologic impacts. " 01/01/2022 - "Long-Term Follow-Up and Immunomonitoring of Relapsing Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis Treated With Rituximab."
4.	Azathioprine (Imuran)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2021 - "The effectiveness of azathioprine (AZA) in preventing relapse and maintaining autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) remission has been reported; however, most of these studies are case series with no randomized control trials available in the literature. " 10/01/2021 - "The clinical efficacy of azathioprine as maintenance treatment for autoimmune pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis." 01/01/2017 - "A Pitfall to Avoid: Hyperlipasemia, Azathioprine, and Autoimmune Pancreatitis." 05/06/2011 - "The risk of azathioprine use in patients with underlying disease of pancreas including autoimmune pancreatitis is unclear. " 09/01/2015 - "Maintenance therapy with azathioprine is effective and safe to prevent relapses in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. "
5.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 06/22/2016 - "Data help to choose the minimally effective prednisolone dose in autoimmune pancreatitis. " 01/01/2011 - "A 66-year-old man was diagnosed with autoimmune pancreatitis in February 2009 and started 40 mg of oral prednisolone followed by a maintenance dose of 5 mg daily. " 09/21/2005 - "We considered this patient to be autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) with fibrosclerosis of the salivary gland and biliary tract, prescribed prednisolone at an initial dose of 40 mg/d. " 12/01/2020 - "Gut microbiome alterations in type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis after induction of remission by prednisolone." 01/01/2006 - "We investigated the long-term outcome of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) including morphological changes in the pancreas, pancreatic duct, biliary tract, pancreatic function, and changes in the clinical manifestations after oral prednisolone (PSL) therapy. "
6.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 05/01/2010 - "Hence, we conclude that diffuse and dense staining (>50 positive cells/hpf) for IgG4 is specifically seen in autoimmune pancreatitis-LPSP, and IgG4 staining along with the histologic features and serum IgG4 levels may be very helpful in diagnosing autoimmune pancreatitis." 08/01/2018 - "However, the value of IgG4 for the distinction of AIP from PC was limited, probably in part due to the relatively high number of type 2 AIP patients in our study. " 09/01/2011 - "Further studies are needed to clarify if normal serum IgG4 cases are a precursor of active type 1 or type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis." 02/01/2011 - "The diagnostic significance of serum IgG4 levels in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis: a UK study." 01/01/2008 - "A previous Japanese study reported that serum IgG4 greater than 135 mg/dL was 97% specific and 95% sensitive in predicting autoimmune pancreatitis. "
7.	GlucocorticoidsIBA 01/01/2022 - "Type 1 AIP glucocorticoid treatment acceptance and disease remission are better, but the recurrence rate is higher after glucocorticoid treatment. " 09/08/2023 - "We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological data of 74 consecutive patients diagnosed with autoimmune pancreatitis at Shinshu University Hospital and treated with glucocorticoid. " 06/07/2023 - "Resolution of a periapical lesion in an autoimmune pancreatitis patient treated with long-term low-dose glucocorticoids: a case report." 09/04/2023 - "Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis responds well to glucocorticoid therapy with a high remission rate. " 05/31/2021 - "The indications for maintenance glucocorticoid therapy (MGT) and its duration after initial remission of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) remain controversial. "
8.	Mycophenolic Acid (Cellcept)FDA LinkGeneric 01/04/2011 - "This is the first reported use of mycophenolate mofetil for IgG4 related pancreatitis. " 05/14/2012 - "Mycophenolate mofetil and other immunomodulatory therapies should continue to be studied for maintenance of remission in the large subset of patients with refractory or recurrent autoimmune pancreatitis." 02/01/2012 - "We infer from our case that mycophenolate mofetil can be effective in the control of simultaneous autoimmune pancreatitis and interstitial nephritis." 05/14/2012 - "Mycophenolate mofetil has been used for transplant immunosuppression and more recently for autoimmune hepatitis; however, there are no case reports to date on the use of mycophenolate mofetil in adult patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. " 01/04/2011 - "Successful treatment of pediatric IgG4 related systemic disease with mycophenolate mofetil: case report and a review of the pediatric autoimmune pancreatitis literature."
9.	Immunoglobulins (Immunoglobulin)IBA 01/01/2012 - "Immunoglobulin G4 immunostaining of gastric, duodenal, or colonic biopsies is not helpful for the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis." 10/27/2020 - "BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is immune-mediated and was first proposed as a defined entity after studies on patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. " 01/01/2012 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the specificity of the infiltration of digestive tract mucosa by immunoglobulin (Ig) G4-positive plasma cells in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), as compared with normal or inflammatory mucosa. " 10/01/2023 - "However, she was ultimately diagnosed with Type 1 AIP due to histopathology findings and elevated immunoglobulin G4. " 09/21/2023 - "Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) has been linked with elevated immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 levels. "
10.	Immunologic Factors (Immunomodulators)IBA 10/01/2008 - "The criteria used for the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis have not been well defined and treatment may require the use of immunomodulators. " 10/01/2019 - "In relapsing autoimmune pancreatitis, rituximab is more efficient than immunomodulator drugs and shows better tolerance." 10/01/2019 - "The aims were to assess the efficacy and the safety of immunomodulator treatments for relapsing autoimmune pancreatitis and rituximab in particular and to identify relapsing risk factors. " 11/01/2013 - "Treatment of relapsing autoimmune pancreatitis with immunomodulators and rituximab: the Mayo Clinic experience." 12/01/2017 - "In the more common disease subtype (type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis) disease relapses can occur necessitating the use of maintenance treatment with low-dose steroids, steroid-sparing immunomodulators, or rituximab. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 11/01/2021 - "The aim of the study was to describe the use of RTX as maintenance therapy for patients with type 1 AIP. " 05/01/2014 - "Several diagnostic scoring systems for autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) have been proposed including the Asian, HISORt (Histology, Imaging, Serology, Other organ involvement and Response to therapy), and International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria (ICDC), which have been compared by a few studies. " 02/01/2011 - "Randomised trials on autoimmune pancreatitis therapy are lacking. " 01/01/2023 - "MAAS is useful for predicting relapse in patients with type 1 AIP undergoing maintenance therapy." 01/01/2020 - "Mesenchymal stromal cells and their derivatives - putative therapeutics in the management of autoimmune pancreatitis."
2.	Remission Induction 12/01/2020 - "Induction of remission by PSL was associated with the complete disappearance of Klebsiella species from feces in two of the three analyzed patients with type 1 AIP. " 03/01/2014 - "The objective of this study was to compare efficacy of high versus low doses of prednisone for induction of remission in autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). " 01/01/2017 - "By initial steroid treatment for induction of remission, remission can be successfully induced in almost all subjects with type 1 and type 2 AIP. " 12/01/2020 - "Gut microbiome alterations in type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis after induction of remission by prednisolone." 10/15/2023 - "However, the strengths and limitations of steroid pulse therapy for induction of remission in type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) are unknown. "
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 01/01/2022 - "Incidence of endocrine and exocrine insufficiency in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis at diagnosis and after treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis." 06/28/2022 - "Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a specific form of chronic pancreatitis with a high relapse rate after treatment. " 01/01/2018 - "Focal immune-related pancreatitis occurring after treatment with programmed cell death 1 inhibitors: a distinct form of autoimmune pancreatitis?" 12/18/2017 - "Serum IgG4 levels in patients with different diseases were different, and were significantly higher in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis and IgG4 related diseases, so serum IgG4 levels can provide the basis for the differential diagnosis of different diseases; Serum IgG4 levels in patients with IgG4 related diseases decrease significantly after treatment, so it can be used as an important index to evaluate the curative effect of IgG4 related diseases." 10/01/2023 - "We report a case of IgG4-related pancreatitis and retroperitoneal fibrosis with serial 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT scans after treatment. "
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 08/01/2015 - "This sausage pancreas imaging was suggestive of autoimmune pancreatitis, but the patient was diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma on bone marrow aspiration, and rapidly improved with chemotherapy. " 07/01/2008 - "Mimics of cholangiocarcinoma constitute a heterogeneous group of entities that includes primary sclerosing cholangitis, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cholangiopathy, autoimmune pancreatitis, inflammatory pseudotumor, Mirizzi syndrome, xanthogranulomatous cholangitis, sarcoidosis, chemotherapy-induced sclerosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, metastases, melanoma, lymphoma, leukemia, and carcinoid tumors. " 08/01/2012 - "In this report we review PNS associated with BC and we present the first case of BC-associated autoimmune pancreatitis as well as its successful management with steroids and immunosuppressive BC-tailored chemotherapy." 12/01/2007 - "A short corticosteroid therapy (< 4 weeks) is probably less harmful in a patient with pancreatic adenocarcinoma than pancreatectomy (or chemotherapy) in patients with chronic autoimmune pancreatitis. "
5.	Glycemic Control 08/01/2022 - "To investigate factors influencing glycemic control in diabetes mellitus complicated by autoimmune pancreatitis. " 08/01/2022 - "Factors affecting glycemic control in diabetes mellitus complicated by autoimmune pancreatitis." 09/01/2010 - "In autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), mechanism(s) of paradoxical glycemic control improvement (GCI) often occurring after pancreatic resection and steroid therapy are not fully elucidated. " 12/01/2019 - "Dramatic Improvement of Glycemic Control by Promptly Starting Steroid Therapy at an Early Stage of Autoimmune Pancreatitis in a Subject with Type 2 Diabetes." 12/01/2019 - "Glucocorticoid therapy is effective for treating autoimmune pancreatitis, but autoimmune pancreatitis itself and steroid therapy aggravate glycemic control. "