Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome

A reperfusion syndrome characterized by various pathophysiological processes after CARDIAC ARREST. It may include post-cardiac arrest brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN), cardiocirculatory dysfunction, (e.g., systemic ISCHEMIA), HYPERGLYCEMIA; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE and delayed death.

Also Known As:

Networked: 188 relevant articles (14 outcomes, 23 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Heart Arrest (Cardiac Arrest)
2.	Hypothermia
3.	Coma (Comas)
4.	Reperfusion Injury
5.	Necrosis

Experts

1.	Gaieski, David F: 8 articles (04/2016 - 11/2010)
2.	Cariou, Alain: 7 articles (04/2021 - 06/2004)
3.	Hayashida, Kei: 7 articles (01/2021 - 08/2014)
4.	Bode, Christoph: 6 articles (01/2022 - 01/2011)
5.	Nishikimi, Mitsuaki: 6 articles (11/2021 - 05/2017)
6.	Abella, Benjamin S: 6 articles (01/2019 - 07/2012)
7.	Wada, Takeshi: 5 articles (01/2022 - 07/2013)
8.	Hassager, Christian: 5 articles (11/2021 - 01/2016)
9.	Matsuda, Naoyuki: 5 articles (11/2021 - 05/2017)
10.	Matsui, Shigeyuki: 5 articles (11/2021 - 05/2017)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome:

1.	Epoprostenol (Prostacyclin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2016 - "The ENDO-RCA study is a pilot study trial that investigates safety and efficacy of low-dose infusion of prostacyclin administration as compared to standard therapy in post-cardiac arrest syndrome patients. " 01/01/2016 - "Endothelial Dysfunction in Resuscitated Cardiac Arrest (ENDO-RCA): safety and efficacy of low-dose prostacyclin administration and blood pressure target in addition to standard therapy, as compared to standard therapy alone, in post-cardiac arrest syndrome patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial." 01/01/2020 - ""Endothelial Dysfunction in Resuscitated Cardiac Arrest (ENDO-RCA): Safety and efficacy of low-dose Iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, in addition to standard therapy, as compared to standard therapy alone, in post-cardiac-arrest-syndrome patients.""
2.	HydrogenIBA 10/23/2017 - "Hydrogen gas inhalation (HI) improved survival and neurological outcomes in an animal model of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). " 07/25/2016 - "Hydrogen gas inhalation (HI) ameliorates cerebral and cardiac dysfunction in animal models of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). " 09/01/2020 - "Hydrogen gas inhalation alleviates oxidative stress in patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome."
3.	Lactic Acid (Lactate)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2017 - "Early Lactate Clearance Is Associated With Improved Outcomes in Patients With Postcardiac Arrest Syndrome: A Prospective, Multicenter Observational Study (SOS-KANTO 2012 Study)." 09/14/2023 - "Predicting Survival Outcomes in Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome: The Impact of Combined Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score and Serum Lactate Measurement." 10/01/2022 - "To assess the effects of Shenfu Injection (, SFI) on blood lactate, and secondarily its effect on the lactate clearance (LC) in patients with post cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). " 10/01/2022 - "Effect of Shenfu Injection () on Lactate and Lactate Clearance in Patients with Post-cardiac Arrest Syndrome: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial." 11/10/2021 - "Effects of early hemodynamics, oxygen metabolism, and lactate dynamics on prognosis of post-cardiac arrest syndrome."
4.	Sodium LactateFDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2022 - "Molar sodium lactate was effective in limiting the severity of the postcardiac arrest syndrome. " 01/01/2022 - "Molar Sodium Lactate Attenuates the Severity of Postcardiac Arrest Syndrome: A Preclinical Study."
5.	Iloprost (Ventavis)FDA Link 01/01/2020 - ""Endothelial Dysfunction in Resuscitated Cardiac Arrest (ENDO-RCA): Safety and efficacy of low-dose Iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, in addition to standard therapy, as compared to standard therapy alone, in post-cardiac-arrest-syndrome patients.""
6.	CytokinesIBA 01/01/2023 - "Cytokine hemoadsorption with CytoSorb® in post-cardiac arrest syndrome, a pilot randomized controlled trial." 01/01/2022 - "Cytokine adsorption in patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CYTER) - A single-centre, open-label, randomised, controlled trial." 01/01/2013 - "Inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathophysiology of post cardiac arrest syndrome, including myocardial dysfunction and hypotension, often leading to multi-organ system dysfunction and death. " 03/01/2016 - "We here examined the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in post-cardiac arrest syndrome. " 10/01/2017 - "Postcardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) shares many features with sepsis including plasma cytokine elevation with dysregulation of cytokine production, and the presence of endotoxin in plasma. "
7.	ProcalcitoninIBA 01/01/2019 - "Overall, the findings suggested that an elevated procalcitonin level measured at 0-48 h of post-cardiac arrest syndrome was associated with poor outcomes." 06/01/2013 - "Serum procalcitonin as a marker of post-cardiac arrest syndrome and long-term neurological recovery, but not of early-onset infections, in comatose post-anoxic patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia." 06/01/2013 - "To examine the relationship of early serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels with the severity of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS), long-term neurological recovery and the risk of early-onset infections in patients with coma after cardiac arrest (CA) treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH). " 07/09/2023 - "Comparison of Prognostic Performance between Procalcitonin and Procalcitonin-to-Albumin Ratio in Post Cardiac Arrest Syndrome." 06/01/2013 - "To investigate serial serum concentrations of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients treated with mild hypothermia after cardiac arrest, and to study their association to severe infections, post cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) and long-term outcome. "
8.	Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)FDA LinkGeneric 08/18/2021 - "Early high-dose vitamin C in post-cardiac arrest syndrome (VITaCCA): study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, multi-center, placebo-controlled trial." 11/01/2020 - "The post-cardiac arrest syndrome shares similarities to sepsis, however vitamin C levels in post-arrest patients have been incompletely characterized. "
9.	AntioxidantsIBA 01/01/2013 - "Here, we investigate changes in oxidative stress and endogenous biological antioxidant potential during TH in patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). " 01/01/2017 - "This study aimed to compare oxidative damage and antioxidant defenses in patients treated with controlled normothermia versus mild therapeutic hypothermia during postcardiac arrest syndrome. "
10.	Glutamic Acid (Glutamate)FDA Link 11/01/2019 - "Elimination of glutamate using CRRT for 72 h in patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome: A randomized clinical pilot trial." 11/01/2019 - "Glutamine and glutamate are major mediators of secondary brain cell death during post-cardiac arrest syndrome. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Induced Hypothermia 01/01/2020 - "Improved understanding of post-cardiac arrest syndrome and clinical practices such as targeted temperature management have led to improved mortality in this cohort. " 01/01/2021 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between targeted temperature management at lower target temperatures and the neurologic outcomes among patients classified by the severity of postcardiac arrest syndrome. " 01/01/2019 - "The aim of this study was to externally validate a simplified version of our prognostic score, the "post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome for Therapeutic hypothermia score" (revised CAST [rCAST]) and estimate the predictive accuracy of the risk classification based on it. " 05/10/2017 - "The aim of this study was to develop a scoring system for identifying the post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) patients with a good potential for recovery prior to the initiation of induced therapeutic hypothermia. " 11/01/2013 - "However, no studies exist examining the relationship between early hemodynamic goals and outcomes in post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH). "
2.	Therapeutics 04/01/2011 - "We emphasize the importance of a shift in physicians' approach to the management of post-cardiac arrest syndrome, not only in prognostication, but also in the early and aggressive therapies that have been shown to improve survival and quality of life." 12/15/2020 - "In this article, the pathophysiology and treatment of post-cardiac arrest syndrome are reviewed and potential novel therapies are described." 11/01/2010 - "The post-cardiac arrest syndrome has been recognized as a unique entity requiring unique therapies for successful management. " 09/01/2022 - "Targeted temperature management (TTM) for postcardiac arrest syndrome patients is a cornerstone therapy to reduce mortality and neurological morbidity. " 04/01/2011 - "Post cardiac arrest syndrome should be well recognized and hypothermia therapy is introduced as one of the best treatment."
3.	Resuscitation 12/01/2020 - "Most of post-resuscitation related deaths are due to post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). " 12/01/2020 - "Elevation of plasma BMP4 levels in the post-resuscitation period suggests that BMP4 contributes to pathophysiology and poor outcome of post-cardiac arrest syndrome." 01/01/2020 - "Despite recent advances in the management of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS), the survival rate, without neurologic sequelae after resuscitation, remains very low. " 03/01/2015 - "To investigate the relevant factors influencing the incidence and mortality of post cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS), and to provide the basis of improvement of resuscitation rate. " 02/01/2013 - "More recently, emphasis has been given to post-resuscitation care, with the purpose of reducing mortality by means of early recognition and treatment of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome. "
4.	Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 01/01/2020 - "Although the methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation have been improved, mortality is still unacceptably high, and many survivors suffer from lasting neurological deficits due to the post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). " 12/01/2021 - "We have chosen the main CPR topics with the aim of contribute for a better prevention and management of CPR, standardize the management of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome and neuro-prognostication, and identify opportunities for regional research. " 02/26/2015 - "Microparticles are elevated in patients after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and may play a role in the development of endothelial dysfunction seen in post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS), a life threatening disease with high mortality. " 01/01/2012 - "Induced TH is defined as a protective factor against neurological damage resulting from the CA and CPR, but despite the recommendations on its use in the management of post-cardiac arrest syndrome, there is little rigour in its use, little nurse standardisation, and a lack of protocols in our ICU. " 03/01/2010 - "The therapeutic management of patients that recover spontaneous circulation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers based on life support measures and a series of improvised actions based on "clinical judgment" might not be the best way to treat patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome. "
5.	Percutaneous Coronary Intervention 11/01/2013 - "Percutaneous coronary intervention for postcardiac arrest syndrome." 08/01/2012 - "These centers are committed to the treatment of post-cardiac arrest syndrome by providing 24/7 therapeutic mild hypothermia, urgent cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention, evidence-based termination of resuscitation protocols that limit premature withdrawal of care, protocol to address organ donation, commitment of cardiocerebral resuscitation training in their community, and a commitment and proven ability of data collection to assure that instituted changes result in improved survival. " 03/01/2017 - "Some of the key issues include optimal therapeutic hypothermia temperature for postcardiac arrest syndrome pursuant to 2015 guidelines, an integral approach to postcardiac arrest syndrome with hemodynamic monitoring and stabilization, roles of percutaneous coronary intervention and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and temperature management for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. "