Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.

Also Known As:

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck; Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck; Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Head And Neck; HNSCC; Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas; Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas; Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Larynx; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Mouth; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasal Cavity

Networked: 23986 relevant articles (1390 outcomes, 6067 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Neoplasms: 1324753
- Neoplasms by Site: 4
  - Head and Neck Neoplasms: 18117
    - Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck: 23986
- Neoplasms by Histologic Type: 2
  - Glandular and Epithelial Neoplasms: 439
    - Carcinoma: 141855
      - Squamous Cell Carcinoma: 30772
        Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck: 23986

Related Diseases

1.	Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
3.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)
4.	Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Epidermoid Carcinoma)
5.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis)

Experts

1.	Ferris, Robert L: 124 articles (01/2022 - 03/2004)
2.	Grandis, Jennifer R: 123 articles (01/2022 - 10/2003)
3.	Myers, Jeffrey N: 93 articles (04/2022 - 12/2002)
4.	Sakagami, Hiroshi: 84 articles (09/2021 - 11/2002)
5.	Califano, Joseph A: 79 articles (01/2021 - 01/2004)
6.	Liao, Chun-Ta: 73 articles (11/2021 - 06/2002)
7.	Saba, Nabil F: 71 articles (05/2022 - 11/2007)
8.	Gutkind, J Silvio: 71 articles (01/2022 - 06/2002)
9.	Shin, Dong M: 69 articles (01/2022 - 07/2002)
10.	Zhang, Wei: 64 articles (01/2022 - 02/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck:

1.	Cisplatin (Platino)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1988 - "Chemotherapeutic regimens containing Cisplatin are the most effective in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. " 01/01/2017 - "To report on the outcomes of a novel treatment regimen for patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who were fit for curative treatment but not fit for cisplatin. " 01/01/2018 - "The synthesized compounds exhibited good cytotoxic activity with IC50 better than cisplatin, used as the main and effective treatment for HNSCC, and a 24.3-72.0-fold selectivity respect to the 184B5 non-cancerous immortalized breast epithelial cell lines. " 05/27/2014 - "Chemical inhibition of Rac1 expression and activity resulted in significant improvement of HNSCC sensitivity to ionising radiation and cisplatin. " 11/01/2010 - "This trial on Indian head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients confirms that the use of weekly cisplatin is safe and CRT is superior to RT alone resulting in higher OS."
2.	Cetuximab (Erbitux)FDA Link 04/03/2012 - "Besides its proven efficacy in locally advanced and incurable HNSCC, cetuximab has the distinct advantage of having a relatively tolerable side effect profile and not potentiating radiation toxicity. " 03/20/2011 - "Durable complete remission induced by cetuximab monotherapy in a patient infected with HIV and diagnosed with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck." 02/01/2015 - "The addition of cetuximab for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or recurrent/metastatic HNSCC has improved overall survival and locoregional control; however, responses are often modest, and treatment resistance is common. " 10/13/2023 - "These preclinical findings demonstrate that ML differentiation alone or coupled with either cetuximab-directed targeting or EphA2 CAR engineering were effective against HNSCCs and provide the rationale for investigating these combination approaches in early phase clinical trials for patients with HNSCC." 01/01/2019 - "Therefore, the identification of novel therapeutic approaches to enhance the clinical efficacy of cetuximab could lead to improved long-term survival for HNSCC patients. "
3.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1999 - "Because multiple infusion of CDDP proved to be efficacious, low-dose CDDP and 5-FU will have a role for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. " 08/01/2021 - "Our study highlights the specific DNA Damage Response- and JAK- dependent induction of PD-L1 by 5-FU in HNSCC cells. " 12/01/2018 - "This research study designs to develop a nanoemulsions (NEs) formulation by combining 5-FU and Cur to improve anticancer activity against oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells from the diversified origin for in vitro analysis, SCC090 (human tongue) and SCC152 (human hypo-pharynx). " 01/01/2012 - "In this study, the effect of locally applied 5-FU on cell death was evaluated both in a SCC4/HEK001 model and in a newly proposed 3D outgrowth model of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). " 01/01/2012 - "In this study, we examined whether OPRT expression correlates with the chemosensitivity to 5-FU and cell proliferation in HNSCC. "
4.	PlatinumIBA 11/01/2014 - "For the treatment of locally advanced HNSCC, platinum-based CTRT is associated with a better OS and PFS compared to RT+CET, and this is probably attributed to improved locoregional disease control. " 01/01/2022 - "The triplet regimen of EMF is a feasible and safe therapeutic option in patients with platinum-resistant/refractory HNSCC. " 12/01/2021 - "PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade was initially shown to improve outcomes in platinum-refractory HNSCC. " 01/01/2021 - "The standard of care for first-line treatment of recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN) in patients who cannot tolerate platinum-based regimens has not been clarified. " 09/12/2023 - "We performed a genomic profile-based umbrella trial for the patients with platinum-refractory recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC. "
5.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 12/01/2022 - "In an evolving era of immunotherapeutic options for persistent or recurrent laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), there is a need for improved biomarkers of treatment response and survival to inform optimal treatment selection and prognostication. " 01/01/2022 - "Prospective evaluation of patient characteristics and additional potential predictive biomarkers for novel treatment options remains an important question to stratify personalized treatment for RM HNSCC." 04/01/2016 - "Thus, traditional cytological and biopsy assays combined with testing of inflammatory biomarkers would be beneficial for the efficient early detection of oral dysplastic lesions and early stages of oral squamous cell carcinoma. " 11/01/2019 - "This was achieved by assessing the efficacy of varying drug concentrations on the overall cell viability, proliferation, and expression of common HNSCC biomarkers. " 03/26/2016 - "Latest achievements in basic research regarding molecular characterization of the disease has helped in better perception of the molecular mechanisms involved in HNSCC progression and also in recognizing and targeting various molecular biomarkers associated with HNSCC. "
6.	Immune Checkpoint InhibitorsIBA 01/01/2022 - "However, we identified a strong B-cell signature present within HPV+ HNSCC, and higher B and plasma cell content associated with improved PFS in HPV- HNSCC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors." 10/01/2023 - "Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective in a small proportion of HNSCC patients, the majority do not respond. " 01/01/2021 - "Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway are effective against unresectable recurrent/metastatic HNSCC. " 01/01/2023 - "This study reveals a subgroup of ferroptotic HNSCC with immune-active signatures and indicates the potential of priming HNSCC with ferroptosis inducers to increase the antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors." 11/20/2020 - "Nowadays, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment is approved for HNSCC as a first-line treatment in recurrent and metastatic disease. "
7.	ErbB Receptors (EGF Receptor)IBA 05/15/2005 - "In vivo, EC5 dramatically reduced the growth rate of established HNSCC xenografts in nude mice and decreased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and Akt within the xenografts. " 07/01/2008 - "Novel targeted agents, such as epidermal growth factor receptor antagonists, are showing promise in the treatment of patients with both loco regionally advanced and recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck." 01/01/2008 - "Novel targeted agents, such as epidermal growth factor receptor antagonists, are showing promise in the treatment of patients with both locoregionally advanced and recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck." 09/01/2004 - "Novel agents that target the epidermal growth factor receptor have shown particular promise in the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck." 03/01/2016 - "Balancing Safety and Efficacy of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck."
8.	Docetaxel (Taxotere)FDA Link 03/01/2020 - "Neoadjuvant dose-modified docetaxel in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A phase 3 study." 05/01/2013 - "In the present study, the cytotoxicity of docetaxel towards human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines (HSC-2, HSC-3, HSC-4) and human oral normal cells (gingival fibroblasts, pulp cells, periodontal ligament fibroblasts) was investigated. " 01/01/2006 - "The results of this study suggested that weekly docetaxel was an active agent for patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck." 01/01/2006 - "The objective of this study was to assess the antitumor activity and toxicity profile of weekly docetaxel in patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. " 10/01/1999 - "This study was designed to evaluate the activity, safety and tolerance of docetaxel (D) in a selected population with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). "
9.	pembrolizumabIBA 04/01/2022 - "Studies on locally advanced HNSCC showed an improved response after neoadjuvant pembrolizumab administration. A second cycle did not improve the response rate, but the proportion of patients with a good response was almost doubled. " 12/01/2023 - "We report a case of stage IV oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with BRCA2 mutation that achieved complete remission with pembrolizumab treatment for relapsed disease." 05/24/2022 - "In patients with PD-L1 positive R/M HNSCC, monotherapy with pembrolizumab also demonstrated statistically significant improvement in survival compared to EXTREME. " 01/01/2021 - "The TPEx regimen could provide an alternative to standard of care with the EXTREME regimen in the first-line treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC, especially for those who might not be good candidates for up-front pembrolizumab treatment. " 07/01/2018 - "This review highlights the pharmacology, therapeutic efficacy and tolerability data relevant to the use of pembrolizumab for the treatment of R/M HNSCC. "
10.	NivolumabIBA 09/26/2018 - "The CheckMate 141 randomized phase 3 trial proved the efficacy of nivolumab in the treatment of R/M HNSCC as it was shown to significantly increase overall survival and quality of life. " 05/17/2017 - "Indeed, in a recent phase 3 study, the PD1 inhibitor nivolumab has recently demonstrated a significant improvement in overall survival for platin-resistant recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC. " 12/01/2020 - "The development of irAEs is a strong predictor of improved survival in patients with advanced HNSCC treated with nivolumab." 09/01/2019 - "Nivolumab appear to have a clear clinical benefit for R/M-HNSCC, based on improved survival, good toxicity profile, reduction in symptoms and improvement in overall quality of life. " 05/05/2023 - "Based on the above evidence, we here suggest the efficacy of using these therapeutic strategies for patients with local-advanced, recurrent, and metastatic HNSCC and patients who do not respond well to nivolumab administration."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 02/01/2016 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the level of progression of ECS in identifying those patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) at a high risk of recurrence who would benefit most from the intensification of adjuvant therapy. " 07/01/2015 - "Better clinical response to therapy and younger age of the HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients have caused functional and quality-of-life considerations to become more important endpoints in evaluating efficacy of therapeutic options; "deintensification" to ameliorate toxicity is under investigation for this population. " 01/15/2015 - "The survival rate for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not seen marked improvement in recent decades despite enhanced efforts in prevention and the introduction of novel therapies. " 03/01/2022 - "The results of the present study suggested that increased CD4+ TILs in HNSCC may be associated with improved outcomes, while high expression of PD-L1 may indicate unfavorable OS and DFS; thus, these factors may serve as predictors of the response to immune checkpoint therapy." 01/01/2019 - "In this study, we found a significantly elevated GLS1 expression in HNSCC, and patients with high expression levels of GLS1 experienced shorter disease-free periods after therapy. "
2.	Radiotherapy 01/01/2019 - "Radiotherapy is highly effective for treating squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck but is often associated with significant toxicities and severe morbidity. " 03/12/2015 - "The efficacy of radiotherapy in controlling locoregional recurrence, the most frequent cause of death from HNSCC, is critically important for patient survival. " 10/15/2017 - "Patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who are undergoing curative radiotherapy at HVFs and academic centers appear to have improved survival. " 01/01/2019 - "Treatment at high-volume surgical facilities (HVSFs) provides a survival benefit for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs); however, it is unknown what role postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) plays in achieving the improved outcomes. " 04/01/2017 - "Early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx can be successfully treated with radiotherapy or surgery (transoral or open approaches). "
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2023 - "Most of advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) are resistant to chemotherapy, and there is still lack of effective treatment for HSCC now. " 01/10/2020 - "The aim of the current study was to investigate the efficacy of different chemotherapy regimens in patients with locally advanced synchronous ESCC/HNSCC who received curative concurrent chemoradiotheapy (CCRT). " 01/01/2018 - "Although the addition of chemotherapy to adjuvant RT has been proven effective in randomized trials of patients with resected HNSCC with SM+ or ECE, it may be less efficacious in an elderly patient population treated outside of a controlled trial setting. " 07/01/2011 - "The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a strong increase of the dose-intensity of concomitant radio-chemotherapy (RT-CT) in patients with far advanced non metastatic HNSCC. " 04/01/2010 - "For decades, HNSCC has been treated successfully with multimodality treatments including, surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, though the 'perfect' treatment paradigm remains elusive. "
4.	Immunotherapy 01/01/2016 - "T-cell checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein-1 have emerged as novel immunotherapy agents showing remarkable efficacy in HNSCC. " 01/01/2017 - "However, recently, very interesting innovations in the field of immunotherapy have been shown to be beneficial for patients with advanced HNSCC. " 11/16/2023 - "The introduction of immunotherapy has significantly improved HNSCC treatment, even if the long-term results cannot be defined as satisfactory. " 01/01/2022 - "Furthermore, the IPS analysis indicated that anti-PD-1 (p < 0.001), anti-CTLA4 (p < 0.001) or combining immunotherapies (p < 0.001) were more beneficial for low-risk HNSCC patients. " 01/01/2021 - "Immunotherapy treatment in HNSCC demonstrates a discreet but still significant improvement in the overall survival of PD-L1 positive subjects."
5.	Chemoradiotherapy 01/01/2022 - "Although most cases of HPV+ HNSCC respond favorably to the treatment via surgery followed by radiochemotherapy, up to 20% recur with a poor prognosis. " 01/01/2019 - "The treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has evolved over the last 25years, from open surgery to combined chemoradiotherapy, and now to the development of minimally invasive procedures, but evidence for the best treatment is lacking. " 12/01/2018 - "The measurement of CD3+ and CD8+ cell infiltration may be beneficial in HNSCC patients and may help determine which patients may benefit most from definitive chemoradiotherapy." 01/01/2017 - "Forty-three patients were treated on a prospective multi-institutional phase II study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01530997) assessing the efficacy of de-intensified chemoradiotherapy in patients with favorable risk, HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. " 05/19/2022 - "Our murine HNSCC model demonstrates efficacy of PD-1 blockade during chemoradiotherapy. "