Granulins

Small, cysteine-rich peptides generated by the proteolytic cleavage of progranulin. Granulin peptides are each composed of a granulin-motif, while paragranulin is composed of a half-granulin motif. The mammalian granulins are named granulin 1-7 for their sequence order in the progranulin propeptide, and are alternately named granulin G, F, B, A, C, D, and E; or epithelin 7, 6, 2, 1, 3, 4, and 5, i.e. granulin 1 aka granulin G aka epithelin 7, etc.

Also Known As:

Epithelin 1; Epithelin 2; Epithelin 3; Epithelin 4; Epithelin 5; Epithelin-1; Epithelin-2; Epithelin2; Epithelins; Granulin (123-179); Granulin (206-261); Granulin 1; Granulin 2; Granulin 3; Granulin 4; Granulin 5; Granulin 6; Granulin 7; Granulin A; Granulin B; Granulin C; Granulin D; Granulin E; Granulin F; Granulin G; Granulin Peptide (281-336); Granulin Peptide (58 -113); Granulin Peptides; Granulin-3; Granulin3; Paragranulin; 5, Granulin; Epithelin; Granulin

Networked: 198 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 20 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Borroni, Barbara: 18 articles (01/2022 - 10/2012)
2.	Archetti, Silvana: 17 articles (01/2022 - 10/2012)
3.	Cheung, Siu Tim: 15 articles (12/2018 - 11/2004)
4.	Premi, Enrico: 14 articles (01/2022 - 10/2012)
5.	Padovani, Alessandro: 14 articles (01/2017 - 10/2012)
6.	Gasparotti, Roberto: 12 articles (01/2022 - 10/2012)
7.	Fan, Sheung Tat: 12 articles (04/2016 - 11/2004)
8.	Gazzina, Stefano: 11 articles (01/2022 - 01/2013)
9.	Alberici, Antonella: 9 articles (01/2022 - 10/2012)
10.	Yip, Chi Wai: 9 articles (06/2017 - 01/2011)

Related Diseases

1.	Meningioma (Meningiomas) 05/01/2010 - "Our data provide improved understanding about the clinical implications of granulin expression in intracranial meningiomas. " 05/01/2010 - "Additionally, our information suggests a potential role for granulin as a molecular target in the management of meningiomas." 05/01/2010 - "We investigated granulin expression in intracranial meningiomas by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and correlated its expression to clinical parameters. " 05/01/2010 - "Correlation of granulin expression in intracranial meningiomas to clinical parameters." 05/01/2010 - "Granulin was expressed in the tumors of 29 of 79 (36.7%) patients with intracranial meningiomas, and its presence or absence was correlated to tumor size and PTBE volume. "
2.	Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (Degeneration, Frontotemporal Lobar) 01/01/2016 - "Looking for Neuroimaging Markers in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Clinical Trials: A Multi-Voxel Pattern Analysis Study in Granulin Disease." 07/01/2013 - "The neuroimaging signature of frontotemporal lobar degeneration associated with Granulin mutations: an effective connectivity study." 05/01/2013 - "Studies in asymptomatic granulin gene (GRN) mutation carriers are essential to improve our understanding of the pattern and timing of early morphologic brain changes in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. " 01/01/2019 - "Granulin in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: Molecular Mechanisms of the Disease." 01/01/2017 - "In 2006, mutations in the granulin gene were identified in patients with familial Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. "
3.	Frontotemporal Dementia (Semantic Dementia) 10/01/2021 - "In this study, we investigated the possible involvement of PGRN and PSAP in tangle formation using human brain tissue sections of non-demented aged control subjects and AD cases and compared with cases of frontotemporal dementia with granulin (GRN) mutations. " 02/01/2016 - "No study but one has suggested the presence of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), limited to 4 cases carrying pathogenic Granulin (GRN) gene mutations. " 01/01/2022 - "Structural brain splitting is a hallmark of Granulin-related frontotemporal dementia." 12/01/2021 - "The presymptomatic brain changes of granulin (GRN) disease, preceding by years frontotemporal dementia, has not been fully characterized. " 01/01/2021 - "It also implicates both AEP and granulin F in the neurobiology of FTLD-TDP-Pgrn. "
4.	Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatoma) 06/01/2018 - "Epigenetic Targeting of Granulin in Hepatoma Cells by Synthetic CRISPR dCas9 Epi-suppressors." 10/07/2018 - "Granulin A Synergizes with Cisplatin to Inhibit the Growth of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma." 05/02/2017 - "Interaction between granulin A and enolase 1 attenuates the migration and invasion of human hepatoma cells." 05/25/2017 - "Clonorchis sinensis granulin: identification, immunolocalization, and function in promoting the metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma." 12/01/2021 - "Circular RNA circ_0008274 upregulates granulin to promote the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via sponging microRNA -140-3p."
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 07/01/2020 - "Moreover, data on parasitic granulins, which are potential promoters of cholangiocyte neoplasia, are also presented. " 01/01/2016 - "However, the same cell population in old mice expressed low levels of CSF1R and granulin and failed to promote tumor outgrowth, suggesting that age influences the tumorigenic capacity of BMCs in response to tumor-associated signals. " 02/01/2011 - "Human tumors instigate granulin-expressing hematopoietic cells that promote malignancy by activating stromal fibroblasts in mice." 02/01/2011 - "Granulin-expressing Sca+Kit- hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow of the tumor host were required to mediate this effect. " 02/01/2011 - "Growing a tumor stroma: a role for granulin and the bone marrow."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Granulins
2.	Progranulins
3.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
4.	Microtubule-Associated Proteins (Microtubule-Associated Protein 2)
5.	Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins (Growth Factors)
6.	Peptides (Polypeptides)
7.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
8.	Cysteine (L-Cysteine)
9.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)
10.	Valosin Containing Protein

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation