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Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatoma)

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A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

Also Known As:

Hepatoma; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Hepatocellular Cancer; Liver Cancer, Adult; Liver Cell Carcinoma, Adult; Adult Liver Cancer; Adult Liver Cancers; Cancer, Adult Liver; Cancer, Hepatocellular; Cancers, Adult Liver; Cancers, Hepatocellular; Carcinomas, Hepatocellular; Hepatocellular Cancers; Hepatocellular Carcinomas; Hepatomas; Liver Cancers, Adult

Networked: 34292 relevant articles (1181 outcomes, 4505 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis)
3.	Thrombosis (Thrombus)
4.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)
5.	Liver Diseases (Liver Disease)

Experts

1.	Fan, Jia: 60 articles (12/2012 - 12/2003)
2.	Tang, Zhao-You: 53 articles (12/2012 - 04/2002)
3.	Kudo, Masatoshi: 52 articles (09/2012 - 01/2002)
4.	Nagano, Hiroaki: 47 articles (12/2012 - 01/2002)
5.	Fan, Sheung Tat: 42 articles (12/2012 - 03/2002)
6.	Monden, Morito: 39 articles (11/2008 - 01/2002)
7.	Omata, Masao: 38 articles (10/2012 - 01/2002)
8.	Zhou, Jian: 37 articles (12/2012 - 12/2003)
9.	Umeshita, Koji: 35 articles (11/2011 - 01/2002)
10.	Li, Yan: 33 articles (01/2013 - 04/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hepatocellular Carcinoma:

1.	sorafenib (BAY 43-9006)FDA Link 09/01/2012 - "Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor that has been proven effective as a single-agent therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma, and there is a strong rationale for investigating its use in combination with other agents. " 08/01/2010 - "Since 2007, sorafenib is the new standard for the first-line treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with proved effectiveness on survival, but no complete response. " 07/01/2010 - "Positioning of a molecular-targeted agent, sorafenib, in the treatment algorithm for hepatocellular carcinoma and implication of many complete remission cases in Japan." 03/01/2010 - "Complete remission of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with reduced dose of sorafenib: a case report." 01/01/2008 - "Oral sorafenib 400 mg twice daily significantly improved survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in the randomized, double-blind, multicentre, phase III SHARP trial (n = 602); the median duration of survival was 10.7 months with sorafenib and 7.9 months with placebo. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)IBA 07/14/2011 - "Ethanol injection is highly effective for hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than 2 cm." 02/01/2008 - "Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) is an option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment that is most effective for solitary lesions <or=5 cm or multiple lesions <or=3 cm. Malignant seeding along the needle tract is a rare complication of the procedure. " 08/15/2002 - "Hepatocellular carcinoma in elderly patients: beneficial therapeutic efficacy using percutaneous ethanol injection therapy." 09/01/1997 - "Surgical resection, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) are effective for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the recurrence rate is high. " 09/01/2007 - "Randomized controlled trials have proved that radiofrequency ablation is superior to ethanol injection in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma from the viewpoint of, not only treatment response, but also long-term survival. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	InterferonsIBA 12/15/2012 - "Recently, interferon (IFN) α has been reported to be effective for prevention of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) recurrence, but the detailed mechanisms remain elusive. " 11/04/2011 - "Interferon-based (IFN-based) therapy is effective in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " 02/01/2011 - "Combination therapy with the oral fluoropyrimidine anticancer drug S1 and interferon is reportedly effective for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but selection criteria for this therapy have not been clarified. " 01/01/2010 - "Long-term interferon therapy after radiofrequency ablation is effective in treating patients with HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma." 08/01/2012 - "The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of long-term interferon (IFN) monotherapy on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients who showed no virological response to the first course of IFN therapy, define predictive factors for HCC in patients on long-term IFN monotherapy, and evaluate the clinical impact of amino acid (aa) substitutions in the hepatitis C virus (HCV)-1b core region on HCC rate. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2010 - "In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of TFU on the inhibition of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via sustained release of 5-FU. " 09/01/2008 - "This is the first report of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma effectively treated using subcutaneous pegylated-interferon-alpha-2b with intra-arterial 5-fluorouracil. " 09/01/2008 - "Effective treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal venous invasion using a combination therapy of intra-arterial 5-fluorouracil and subcutaneous pegylated-interferon-alpha-2b." 09/01/1997 - "Given the above results, continuous intra-arterial administration of this 5-FU therapy may be effective for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma." 11/01/1993 - "A Phase II clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous fluorouracil (5-FU) and subcutaneous recombinant interferon-alpha-2b (rIFN-alpha-2b) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to define factors that might be predictive of a response to treatment. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Ethiodized Oil (Ethiodol)FDA Link 06/01/2005 - "Adjuvant iodine-131-labeled lipiodol for prevention of intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma: which is the best treatment schedule?" 04/01/1988 - "Lipiodol-computed tomography is very effective in the diagnosis of daughter nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma." 04/01/2010 - "To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemo-lipiodol infusion (TACL) in high-risk patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " 04/01/1989 - "[A case of hepatoma treated successfully with a percutaneous intratumoral injection of CDDP-PC-lipiodol suspension]." 01/01/2008 - "In this prospective randomized trial, we attempted to find out if 1 dose of postoperative adjuvant intra-arterial iodine-131-labeled lipiodol could reduce the rate of local recurrence, and increase disease-free and overall survival for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	alpha-Fetoproteins (AFP)IBA 08/01/2012 - "In a real-world setting, the combination of US and AFP would be the most effective for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance." 01/01/1983 - "Serial measurement of AFP appears to be the most helpful for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma at the early stage, particularly in cirrhotic patients. " 07/01/2003 - "The paucity of high-quality data calls for more rigorous study of AFP and other diagnostic tests for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV-infected patients with an accepted gold standard applied to the entire cohort. " 01/01/2009 - "It is concluded that AFP is a significant markers for Hepatocellular carcinoma, helpful in assessing problems in management of HCC and monitoring treatment regiments. " 02/01/2006 - "A significantly greater proportion of respondents screened for hepatocellular carcinoma using either alpha-fetoprotein or ultrasound every 6 months (P < 0.05). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2011 - "It has been shown that the drug-eluting beads loaded with doxorubicin (DEBDOX) are effective for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " 10/19/2005 - "Single-agent doxorubicin has been widely used to treat unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the response rate is low (< 20%) and there is no convincing evidence for improved survival. " 01/01/1984 - "These results suggest that Doxorubicin is not an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma." 01/01/2012 - "Management of diffuse hepatocellular carcinoma (≧ 10 Lesions) with doxorubicin-loaded DC beads is a safe and effective treatment option." 07/01/2010 - "The objective of this study was to examine the effect of catechins on the antitumor efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX) in a murine model for chemoresistant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Cisplatin (Platino)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2002 - "The use of low-dose cisplatin infusion as a radiosensitising agent in (131)I-Lipiodol therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma seems safe and may be beneficial for tumour control. " 02/01/2012 - "This current study was designed to investigate the impact of p15 silencing on the sensitivity of Human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells to cisplatin. " 04/01/2011 - "This study was designed to investigate the correlation between ERCC1 expression and chemosensitivity to cisplatin (CDDP) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " 12/01/2010 - "In this study, we first examined the effectiveness of combination therapy of cisplatin and AAV-hTERT-TRAIL on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and in vivo. " 04/01/2010 - "Phase I/II study of a fine-powder formulation of cisplatin for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Epirubicin (Ellence)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1988 - "The efficacy of high-dose 4'epidoxorubicin in hepatocellular carcinoma." 11/01/1996 - "A case of hepatocellular carcinoma effectively treated with epirubicin aqueous vesicles in monodispersed iodized poppy-seed oil microdroplets." 09/01/1988 - "An open phase II study of high-dose 4'epidoxorubicin (90 mg/m2) was conducted in 33 patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma. " 01/01/1987 - "A group study was conducted to investigate the effect of intrahepatic arterial administration of epirubicin in the treatment of nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " 01/01/1987 - "Epirubicin Study Group for Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Interferon-alpha (Interferon Alfa)FDA Link 07/01/2006 - "Postoperative interferon alpha treatment postponed recurrence and improved overall survival in patients after curative resection of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized clinical trial." 09/01/1997 - "Treatment with alpha interferon appears to decrease the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients who achieve a sustained remission. " 05/01/2004 - "Interferon-alpha, either as a single-agent treatment or as a biochemical modulator, has also been reported to be effective in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. " 10/01/2006 - "Postoperative interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy improved survival in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " 01/01/1997 - "[Efficacy of interferon alpha in primary prevention of preneoplastic lesions in a transgenic murine model of hepatocellular carcinoma related to the interaction between woodchuck hepatitis viruses and c-myc oncogene]." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Liver Transplantation 04/01/2012 - "Liver transplantation is believed to be the best treatment option for selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " 01/01/2012 - "Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is one of the most effective treatments for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within the Milan criteria. " 10/01/2011 - "Liver transplantation is the best treatment of patients with unresectable early hepatocellular carcinoma, allowing disease-free survival rates of 60-80% at 5 years. " 11/01/2009 - "Liver transplantation is considered the best treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma but its efficacy depends on the risk of tumour recurrence. " 04/01/2009 - "Nowadays, percutaneous ablation is commonly accepted as the best option for patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma who are not candidates for surgical resection or liver transplantation. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 12/01/2011 - "Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most difficult to cure with surgery, chemotherapy, or other combinational therapies. " 10/01/2003 - "Percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion (PIHP) using high-dose chemotherapeutic agents is highly effective for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in comparison with conventional regional and systemic chemotherapies. " 03/20/1990 - "It was concluded that PS and hepatic reserve might be the most important factors determining the efficacy of chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma." 09/01/2008 - "We report a case of complete pathological remission of hepatocellular carcinoma after three cycles of systemic chemotherapy. " 05/01/1991 - "A previously reported Phase I/II multimodality program for non-resectable hepatocellular cancer began with external beam-radiation and chemotherapy, followed by administration of 131I antiferritin-specific radioimmunoglobulin and led to a 48% remission (7% complete remission and 41% partial remission). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Hepatectomy 12/01/2008 - "Hepatectomy is now considered as the most effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " 01/01/2001 - "Repeat hepatectomy is the most useful treatment for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma." 07/01/2008 - "A curative hepatectomy is the mainstay of effective treatment for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the treatment of large HCC remains challenging. " 08/01/2008 - "Is hepatectomy beneficial in the treatment of multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma?" 01/28/2006 - "To determine which treatment modality--hepatectomy or percutaneous ablation--is more beneficial for patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (< or =4 cm) in terms of long-term outcomes. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Radiotherapy 10/01/2012 - "Traditional radiotherapy is only effective in treating hepatocellular cancer (HCC) in doses above 50 Gy, but this is above the recommended liver radiation exposure of about 35 Gy, which is an important limitation making this treatment unsuitable for routine clinical practice. " 03/01/2003 - "The results suggest that combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with local radiotherapy is an effective and safe treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. " 03/01/2006 - "Radiosensitization by PTX is possibly associated with the abrogation of G(2)/M arrest in Hep3b cells following radiation exposure, suggesting that potential clinical application of PTX may enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy against hepatocellular carcinoma." 02/15/2005 - "Based on this strategy, the 3-drug combination offered potential for improved radiolabelled IdUrd molecular radiotherapy for hepatoma treatment." 01/01/2007 - "The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy for the treatment of arteriovenous shunting (AVS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Transplants (Transplant) 12/01/2012 - "Since the development of strict selection criteria in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing liver transplant with the implementation of the Milan criteria, patient survival and recurrence rates after liver transplant have dramatically improved. " 04/01/2004 - "Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is increasing in incidence and liver transplant (LT) is likely the best treatment for long-term survival and decreased recurrence in those with localized disease. " 01/01/2006 - "Transplant surgeons have long dreamed of achieving a complete cure for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by replacing the liver with a new graft. " 03/14/2005 - "To determine the effectiveness of pre-liver transplant (LT) transarterial embolization (TAE) in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the patient categories, which are likely to have a good outcome after LT. " 01/01/2002 - "However, in consideration of the worldwide recognized good therapeutic efficacy of liver transplant from cadaveric donors in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and also the relatively advanced stage of the disease in the present series, these preliminary results seem promising." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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