Food Intolerance

Digestive system disorder where a particular food irritates the digestive tract or cannot be properly digested (i.e., due to a lack of a digestive enzyme). It differs from FOOD HYPERSENSITIVITY which is an immune system disorder, usually due to specific proteins in food. http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/problem-foods-is-it-an-allergy-or-intolerance.

Also Known As:

Networked: 380 relevant articles (16 outcomes, 33 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy)
2.	Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Syndrome, Irritable Bowel)
3.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma)
4.	Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)
5.	Helicobacter Infections

Experts

1.	Enko, Dietmar: 5 articles (01/2021 - 04/2018)
2.	Mangge, Harald: 5 articles (01/2021 - 04/2018)
3.	Schnedl, Wolfgang J: 5 articles (01/2021 - 04/2018)
4.	Schenk, Michael: 4 articles (01/2021 - 04/2018)
5.	de Godoy, Eudes Paiva: 4 articles (08/2020 - 01/2013)
6.	Troncone, Riccardo: 4 articles (11/2019 - 05/2014)
7.	Osborn, D A: 4 articles (10/2006 - 01/2003)
8.	Sinn, J: 4 articles (10/2006 - 01/2003)
9.	Carroccio, Antonio: 3 articles (10/2021 - 12/2013)
10.	D'Alcamo, Alberto: 3 articles (10/2021 - 12/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Food Intolerance:

1.	Cromolyn Sodium (Cromoglicic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1995 - "Since the diarrheic type of irritable bowel syndrome seems mainly affected by food intolerance, and previous observations suggested that oral cromolyn sodium is effective in such patients, a multicenter therapeutic trial in the diarrheic type of irritable bowel syndrome was carried out in 346 of 409 patients with this disease, to evaluate the effects of oral cromolyn sodium and compare its efficacy with that of an elimination diet. " 09/01/1991 - "Twenty patients with irritable bowel syndrome due to food intolerance were randomized to either oral sodium cromoglycate or placebo in a double-blind cross-over trial. " 09/01/1991 - "Double-blind cross-over trial of oral sodium cromoglycate in patients with irritable bowel syndrome due to food intolerance." 06/01/1993 - "[Food intolerance and irritable bowel syndrome of childhood: clinical efficacy of oral sodium cromoglycate and elimination diet]." 09/01/1991 - "Therefore oral sodium cromoglycate seems to be a useful treatment in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and proven food intolerance."
2.	Histamine (Histamine Dihydrochloride)FDA Link 08/01/1993 - "The therapeutic efficacy of a histamine-free diet was evaluated in 100 patients with food intolerance and allergic diseases, who were required to avoid fish, cheese, hardcured sausage, pickled cabbage, wine and beer for 4 weeks. " 09/01/2004 - "We conclude that 75 mg of pure liquid oral histamine--a dose found in normal meals--can provoke immediate as well as delayed symptoms in 50% of healthy females without a history of food intolerance." 09/15/2021 - "Food Intolerance: The Role of Histamine." 06/29/2021 - "Histamine intolerance (HIT) is the term for that type of food intolerance which includes a set of undesirable reactions as a result of accumulated or ingested histamine. " 07/01/2019 - "Food intolerance/malabsorption, particularly histamine intolerance (HIT), may cause nonspecific functional gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. "
3.	AllergensIBA 04/01/1997 - "Oral challenge tests represent effective methods for confirming and testing food allergens and food intolerance; however, these procedures are often restricted to clinical trials. " 11/01/1996 - "In this study we attempted to identify additional cross-reactive plant allergens, which could be responsible for food intolerance in patients allergic to pollen. " 10/01/1996 - "The results from a population study on respiratory symptoms and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in relation to symptoms of food intolerance and sensitization to food allergens are reported. " 01/01/2023 - "Daily contact allergens and food intolerance may be one of the causes of RAU. " 01/01/2014 - "Obese patients with food intolerance received standard version of hypocaloric diet with the exception of specific food allergens. "
4.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 01/01/2015 - "Overall, patients' well-being improved when C3d/IgG food sensitivity decreased as a result of an exclusion diet, demonstrating that food removal based on the C3d/IgG test could be an effective approach to patients' care." 01/01/2018 - "Interactions between IgG-based food intolerance and UC warrant further study." 01/01/2015 - "The study intended to validate the C3d/IgG test for food sensitivity for its ability to manage the symptoms of patients with intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. " 02/06/2021 - "Objective: The level of food specific IgG antibody in serum of patients with suspected food intolerance in Beijing area was detected and analyzed, so as to provide a basis for patients to eliminate the food that causes disease in their diet. " 08/27/2019 - "Some evidence supports the use of IgG food sensitivity testing to determine food sensitivities and intolerances. "
5.	Glutens (Glutelin)IBA 01/01/2022 - "These flours boost a significant reduction in gluten proteins associated with food intolerance, in comparison with wheat highlighting a visible market opportunity with nutritional and organoleptic benefits for food producers. " 09/02/2023 - "Gluten sensitivity and food intolerance also have been implicated as conditions that may be associated specifically with LPR symptoms and signs resistant to traditional medical treatment. " 04/30/2019 - "The most problematic foods reported by IBS patients who experienced food intolerance were high-fat foods (25.0%), gluten foods (23.8%), spicy foods (15.0%), and dairy products (15.0%). " 10/01/2018 - "The objective of the present review is to provide an overview highlighting the interaction between IBS, food intolerance and NCGS in order to unravel whether gluten/wheat/FODMAP sensitivity represents 'facts' and not 'fiction' in IBS symptoms." 01/01/2018 - "Multiple regression showed that age, education level, advice on starting a GFD, duration before discovering a gluten intolerance, food choices and ways of GFD management were significantly associated with the subjective difficulty in following a GFD. "
6.	CytokinesIBA 06/01/2010 - "To our knowledge, no prospective study has investigated the cytokine profile in food-sensitized eczematous children with prolonged food intolerance. " 10/01/2001 - "In addition, research on food intolerance is discussed, since food intolerance may be involved in CFS symptom presentation and in oxidation via cytokine induction. " 01/01/1996 - "The enhancement of mediator release by cytokines may be of particular relevance in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases and food intolerance reactions." 02/01/2016 - "The selection of strains was focussed on the capacity to influence mechanisms of action that are important in development of food intolerance with the following parameters measure: in vitro capacity to produce β-galactosidase, in vitro strengthening of the epithelial barrier, in vitro stimulation of cytokines produced by regulatory T cells, in addition to assessing fundamental quality criteria (stability, gastrointestinal (GI)-survival, multispecies concept, allergen-free). " 05/01/2013 - "PubMed was searched for articles published since 1995 that reported any association between autism and/or ASDs and any one of the following terms: allergy, atopy, brain, corticotropin-releasing hormone, cytokines, eczema, food allergy, food intolerance, gene mutation, inflammation, mast cells, mitochondria, neurotensin, phenotype, stress, subtype, or treatment. "
7.	LactaseIBA 07/01/2022 - "But the rate of GI complains among IBD patients who had not any family history of lactase deficiency, history of food sensitivity or both were 59.91%, 52.87% & 50.33% respectively and similar to non IBD cases (P=0.68, 0.98 & 0.99 respectively). " 04/01/2021 - "It is one of the most common forms of food intolerance and occurs when lactase activity is reduced in the brush border of the small bowel mucosa. " 01/01/2018 - "It is one of the most common form of food intolerance and occurs when lactase activity is reduced in the brush border of the small bowel mucosa. " 10/01/1980 - "Eight patients noted significant improvement in their diarrhoea while taking sodium cromoglycate and this did not correlate with the presence of other atopic diseases, a history of food intolerance, or the presence of lactase deficiency. " 07/01/2022 - "The rate of dairy foods intolerance among IBD patients without family history of lactase deficiency or history of food sensitivity is similar to non IBD cases and probably there is no reason to deprive them from this important source of dietary calcium, vitamin D and other nutrients."
8.	Interleukin-10 (Interleukin 10)IBA 01/01/2014 - "Analysis of clinical and laboratory data revealed that the implementation of food intolerance in patients with IBS reducing the levels of IL-10 and TGFβ1. " 02/01/2016 - "Each of these strains demonstrated ability to survive the GI-tract and strain specific effects in producing β-galactosidase, strengthening the gut barrier function after immunological-induced stress and inhibiting Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 (≥50%), in addition to stimulating interleukin-10 levels; thus, providing in vitro evidence for the efficacy of the selected strains to provide beneficial effects in patients suffering from food intolerance." 01/01/2014 - "Food intolerance in IBS patients characterized an increased synthesis of allergen-specific IgG antibodies, insufficient production of anti-inflammatory immunoregulatory substances IL-10 and TGFβ1, and intact cytokines IL-2, - 4, - 5, - 13, IgG and IgM in serum. "
9.	Vitamin DFDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2015 - "The current case study documents significant improvement in the symptoms of a 20-y-old female patient with IV through use of dietary change based on food-sensitivity testing and supplement use- fish oil, vitamin D, and probiotics. " 07/01/2022 - "The rate of dairy foods intolerance among IBD patients without family history of lactase deficiency or history of food sensitivity is similar to non IBD cases and probably there is no reason to deprive them from this important source of dietary calcium, vitamin D and other nutrients."
10.	Interleukin-13IBA 02/01/2016 - "Each of these strains demonstrated ability to survive the GI-tract and strain specific effects in producing β-galactosidase, strengthening the gut barrier function after immunological-induced stress and inhibiting Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 (≥50%), in addition to stimulating interleukin-10 levels; thus, providing in vitro evidence for the efficacy of the selected strains to provide beneficial effects in patients suffering from food intolerance."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Gastric Bypass (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass) 01/01/2019 - "The purpose of this study is to evaluate the food intolerance after banded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), correlating the data of food ingestion. " 10/01/2019 - "Food intolerance is expected during the postoperative period following gastric bypass and may be associated with inadequate chewing. " 01/01/2019 - "Food Intolerance 1 Year After Banded Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass." 01/01/2012 - "Under the restrictive component, patients undergoing gastric bypass may have food intolerance with or without complications. " 10/01/2019 - "Speech therapy intervention in chewing led to a marked improvement of food acceptance and food intolerance resulting from Roux-en-Y gastric bypass."
2.	Gastrectomy 01/01/2015 - "The purpose of our study was to assess the efficacy of omentopexy during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in reducing postoperative food intolerance and GI symptoms. " 01/01/2022 - "The twisting of the gastric tube is one of the main causes of persistent reflux and food intolerance after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). " 01/01/2013 - "The stomach fixation strategy is easy to use, safe and can reduce complications arising from improper positioning and gastric tube alterations in laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy, particularly symptoms related to food intolerance and gastroesophageal reflux." 09/01/2022 - "The present study aimed to evaluate whether omentopexy would decrease the incidence of postoperative GERD, food intolerance, and gastric volvulus without increasing additional complications rates in comparison with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) without omentopexy. " 01/01/2011 - "Band removal was required in 28 patients, due to inadequate weight loss in 9, slippage in 9, gastric erosion in 1, bowel obstruction in 1, acute stomach dilatation in 1, and food intolerance in 7. Twenty of these patients underwent revisional surgery: sleeve gastrectomy in 12 and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in 8 cases. "
3.	Lasers (Laser) 11/02/2023 - "Study protocol to investigate the efficacy of confocal laser endomicroscopy-based selective single-elimination diet over standard fivefold elimination diet in patients with endomicroscopically proven food intolerance: app-assisted, monocentric, double-blind, randomised and controlled trial in Germany." 11/01/2023 - "Endoscopic laser endomicroscopy and "leaky gut" in patients with functional gastrointestinal symptoms and food intolerance." 10/01/2014 - "Endoscopy: a window into the gut--real-time visualization of the effects of food intolerance using confocal laser endomicroscopy." 01/01/2023 - "Food intolerance in patients with functional abdominal pain: Evaluation through endoscopic confocal laser endomicroscopy."
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 10/01/2000 - "The role of food intolerance in asthma is well recognized, and where food avoidance measures are instituted considerable improvement in asthma symptoms and in reduction in drug therapy and hospital admissions can result. " 01/01/1990 - "The treatment of lingering intestinal infections requires the use of etiotropic drug therapy, hypoallergenic dietetic management bearing in mind individual food intolerance, and the use of antihistaminic drugs."
5.	Speech Therapy (Therapy, Speech) 10/01/2019 - "Speech therapy intervention in chewing led to a marked improvement of food acceptance and food intolerance resulting from Roux-en-Y gastric bypass." 10/01/2019 - "Improvement in Food Intolerance Resulting from Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass after Speech Therapy Intervention in Chewing." 10/01/2019 - "To evaluate chewing before and after speech therapy intervention in subjects undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass who present with food intolerance. "