Alarmins

A structurally diverse group of endogenous molecules that are multifunctional, having physiological functions inside the cell, but when released from dying cells or from cells under stress or certain immune cells, they function to activate INNATE IMMUNITY. Uncontrolled and excessive release of alarmins may contribute to INFLAMMATION; CARCINOGENESIS, and NEOPLASM METASTASIS. Alarmins are also critical for heart and nerve tissue homeostasis.

Also Known As:

Networked: 869 relevant articles (11 outcomes, 67 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Vogl, Thomas: 29 articles (01/2021 - 09/2009)
2.	Roth, Johannes: 26 articles (01/2021 - 09/2009)
3.	Romero, Roberto: 16 articles (06/2022 - 08/2011)
4.	Gomez-Lopez, Nardhy: 13 articles (06/2022 - 01/2016)
5.	Girard, Jean-Philippe: 10 articles (01/2022 - 10/2008)
6.	Gangemi, Sebastiano: 9 articles (12/2021 - 01/2015)
7.	Oppenheim, Joost J: 9 articles (01/2018 - 01/2007)
8.	Andersson, Ulf: 8 articles (11/2021 - 01/2008)
9.	Blom, Arjen B: 8 articles (01/2021 - 05/2012)
10.	Gauvreau, Gail M: 7 articles (01/2022 - 01/2016)

Related Diseases

1.	Inflammation (Inflammations) 01/01/2021 - "We confirmed, it modulates the immune system reactivity, ameliorates the severity of the disease and reduces the levels of alarmins reflecting the presence and intensity of inflammation." 04/01/2014 - "IL-1α released from damaged IECs acts as an alarmin by initiating and propagating colon inflammation, as IL-1α deficient mice exhibited mild disease symptoms with improved recovery. " 01/01/2020 - "We, in this study, demonstrate in a clinically relevant mouse model of therapeutic vaccination that free ISG15 is an alarmin that induces tissue alert, characterized by extracellular matrix remodeling, myeloid cell infiltration, and inflammation. " 11/14/2023 - "Genetic deletion of Rxrg did not impact ILC2 development but facilitated ILC2 responses and the tissue inflammation induced by alarmins. " 11/01/2023 - "In this review, we highlight examples of alarmin release and discuss their roles in the initiation of type 2 immunity and allergic airway inflammation. "
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 08/15/2008 - "Taken together, these studies indicate that alarmins represent potential new targets for manipulation in a variety of tumors." 10/25/2023 - "Autocrine regulation of tumor cell repopulation by Hsp70-HMGB1 alarmin complex." 06/27/2023 - "Elevated oxidation by SqA-treated source tumor cells resulted in an increased immunogenic potential, indicated by a high level of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules in TCLs that could sufficiently stimulate DCs. " 01/01/2023 - "IL-33/ST2 signaling has drawn a lot of attention since it acts as a pro-tumor alarmin and encourages spread by altering TM. " 01/01/2020 - "Background Tumor cells can die via immunogenic cell death pathway, in which damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) are released from the cells. "
3.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma) 06/01/2018 - "It is thought that the inhibition of the effects of alarmin on the immune system may be useful in the treatment of asthma. " 06/01/2018 - "In this review, we aimed to summarize the role of alarmines in the pathogenesis of asthma and the results of studies with anti-alarmin biologics." 07/01/2023 - "TSLP is an alarmin relevant to the pathogenesis of asthma. " 01/01/2023 - "The upstream positioning of the alarmins is an attractive pharmacological target to block multiple T2 pathways important in asthma. " 12/01/2022 - "Specifically, we focus on the immune responses that might skew a T-helper type 2 response, including alarmins, in those with allergic asthma. "
4.	Infections 01/01/2022 - "While the intra-amniotic inflammatory responses driven by microbes (infection) or alarmins (sterile) have some overlap in the participating cellular and molecular processes, the distinct natures of these two conditions necessitate the implementation of specific approaches to prevent adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. " 11/01/2021 - "Despite having no evidence of active infection, MIS-C patients had elevated S100A-family alarmins and decreased antigen presentation signatures, indicative of myeloid dysfunction. " 11/01/2021 - "One of them is endogenous molecules called alarmins, which contribute to diverse processes from danger sense until the infection extinction. " 01/01/2021 - "In both infections, these tissue-resident glial cells perform a sentinel function mediated by alarmin crosstalk that licenses adaptive type 1 immunity in the central nervous system. " 01/01/2021 - "Alarmin S100A9 restricts retroviral infection by limiting reverse transcription in human dendritic cells."
5.	Virus Diseases (Viral Diseases) 01/01/2017 - "Viral infections lead to alarmin release and elicit potent cytotoxic effector T lymphocyte (CTLeff) responses. " 05/01/2012 - "Overall, our observations suggest that IL-36γ may be an alarmin that signals the cause, e.g., viral infection, of cell death." 11/01/2023 - "Studying CD8+ T cell differentiation in mice with chronic viral infection, we identified the alarmin interleukin-33 (IL-33) as pivotal for the expansion and stem-like functioning of CD8+SL as well as for virus control. " 11/01/2023 - "The alarmin interleukin-33 promotes the expansion and preserves the stemness of Tcf-1+ CD8+ T cells in chronic viral infection." 01/01/2023 - "Release of interleukin (IL)-33, an epithelial-derived alarmin, and IL-33/ST2 pathway activation are linked with ARDS development in other viral infections. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Interleukin-33
2.	HMGB1 Protein (HMG1)
3.	Cytokines
4.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)
5.	Interleukin-13
6.	Histones (Histone)
7.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
8.	Antigens
9.	Interleukin-4 (Interleukin 4)
10.	Nucleic Acids

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Immunotherapy
4.	Investigational Therapies (Experimental Therapy)
5.	Digestive System Surgical Procedures