red meat allergy

Also Known As:

alpha-gal allergy; alpha-gal sensitization; alpha-gal syndrome; galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose allergy; galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose sensitization; galactose-α-1,3-galactose allergy; galactose-α-1,3-galactose sensitization; mammalian meat allergy; red meat sensitization; α-gal allergy; α-gal sensitization; α-gal syndrome

Networked: 158 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 8 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Immune System Diseases: 4321
- Hypersensitivity: 76867
  - Immediate Hypersensitivity: 2249
    - Food Hypersensitivity: 5838
      - red meat allergy: 158

Related Diseases

1.	Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis)
2.	Malaria
3.	Leishmaniasis
4.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy)
5.	Tick Bites

Experts

1.	Commins, Scott P: 18 articles (12/2022 - 12/2013)
2.	Platts-Mills, Thomas A E: 14 articles (01/2021 - 05/2012)
3.	Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro: 12 articles (12/2021 - 01/2018)
4.	de la Fuente, José: 10 articles (01/2021 - 01/2018)
5.	Biedermann, Tilo: 9 articles (01/2022 - 01/2016)
6.	van Hage, Marianne: 9 articles (01/2022 - 12/2013)
7.	Mateos-Hernández, Lourdes: 9 articles (12/2021 - 01/2018)
8.	Wilson, Jeffrey M: 9 articles (01/2021 - 01/2017)
9.	Apostolovic, Danijela: 8 articles (01/2022 - 01/2016)
10.	Fischer, Jörg: 8 articles (01/2022 - 01/2016)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to red meat allergy:

1.	AntibodiesIBA 09/15/2019 - "Apart from being involved in the hyperacute organ rejection in humans, anti-α-Gal antibodies have shown a protective effect against some pathogenic agents and an implication in the recently recognized tick-induced mammalian meat allergy. " 02/01/2017 - "The quantity and quality of α-gal-specific antibodies differ in individuals with and without delayed red meat allergy." 01/01/2021 - "Similar results were observed with sera from patients who had previously undergone transcutaneous porcine aortic valve replacement (TAVR) or from patients with increased circulating anti-α-gal IgE antibodies (α-gal syndrome). " 01/01/2023 - "In humans, elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies specific for alpha-gal can result in allergic hypersensitivity known as alpha-gal syndrome (AGS). " 01/01/2023 - "Tick bite as a risk factor for alpha-gal-specific immunoglobulin E antibodies and development of alpha-gal syndrome."
2.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 02/04/2022 - "The Quantification of IgG Specific to α-Gal Could Be Used as a Risk Marker for Suffering Mammalian Meat Allergy." 01/01/2016 - "The recent finding is that patients with alpha-gal syndrome do not have detectable IgG4 to the oligosaccharide. " 01/01/2018 - "α-Gal syndrome) and anti-α-Gal IgG/IgM antibodies may be involved in protection against malaria, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. " 08/01/2019 - "bursa, and investigated the IgE, IgM and IgG antibody response to mite proteins and the carbohydrate Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal) involved in the tick-bite associated alpha-Gal syndrome (AGS). "
3.	Immunoglobulin M (IgM)IBA 01/01/2018 - "α-Gal syndrome) and anti-α-Gal IgG/IgM antibodies may be involved in protection against malaria, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. " 08/01/2019 - "bursa, and investigated the IgE, IgM and IgG antibody response to mite proteins and the carbohydrate Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal) involved in the tick-bite associated alpha-Gal syndrome (AGS). "
4.	Immunoglobulin E (IgE)IBA 11/30/2023 - "The diagnosis of Alpha-gal Syndrome (AGS) is based on the presence of symptoms after being exposed to potential sources of alpha-gal together with values of specific IgE (sIgE) to alpha-gal ≥ 0.1 kUA/L or ≥ 0.35 kUA/L. " 11/30/2023 - "Diagnostic validity of specific immunoglobulin E levels to alpha-gal in alpha-gal syndrome: a cross-sectional analysis." 09/01/2023 - "In addition, the high level of Alpha-gal specific IgE (27.3 Ku/L) confirmed the Alpha-gal allergy, and the decision to apply desensitization with red meat was taken. " 08/01/2023 - "She was diagnosed with mammalian meat allergy based on an elevated serum IgE level directed against alpha-gal. " 02/01/2023 - "Diagnosis of alpha-gal syndrome is typically made with concerning allergic symptoms, elevated alpha-gal specific IgE in the serum, and symptom improvement on an alpha-gal avoidant diet. "
5.	EpitopesIBA 07/01/2018 - "The galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) epitope is involved in red meat allergy. " 01/01/2016 - "Although the initial description of alpha-gal allergy in 2009 was limited to red meat, this epitope is now identified in an expanded number of products, medications and foods-both labeled and unlabeled. " 02/04/2022 - "The alpha-Gal Syndrome is a delayed meat allergy characterized by the presence of sIgE against α-Gal epitope. " 01/01/2019 - "α-Gal syndrome results from sensitization to the carbohydrate epitope galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α‑gal). " 01/01/2018 - "The α-gal epitope IgE re-turned a value of 35.3 kUA/L, leading the authors to believe that this is an atypical case of α-gal allergy."
6.	VaccinesIBA 05/01/2020 - "The study concludes that a diagnosis of alpha-gal allergy should be considered in patients with urticaria-anaphylaxis of uncertain origin or manifesting after the administration of vaccines or products of bovine/porcine origin." 12/01/2022 - " with red meat allergy and/or CMA developed allergy, including anaphylaxis, to vaccines containing bovine/porcine products. " 03/03/2015 - "Safe administration of a gelatin-containing vaccine in an adult with galactose-α-1,3-galactose allergy." 03/03/2015 - "We describe a patient with α-Gal allergy who successfully tolerated the live zoster vaccine and we review anaphylactic reactions reported to this vaccine. " 12/01/2022 - "Primary red meat allergy was the second most common, and was associated with allergy to vaccines containing bovine products, such as the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. "
7.	Heparin (Liquaemin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2022 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of reactions to porcine heparin products in patients with an alpha-gal allergy. " 10/01/2022 - "Reactivity to heparin in patients with alpha-gal allergy: A potential role for skin testing?" 07/01/2022 - "This case report describes the implementation of a heparin desensitisation strategy for a patient with confirmed galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) allergy, prior to cardiac surgery. " 01/01/2022 - "Heparin products were associated with a low incidence of alpha-gal reactions among patients with documented alpha-gal allergy. " 01/01/2022 - "Patients with a documented alpha-gal allergy received a heparin product in 57 of 158 hospital visits (36.1%). "
8.	Heterophile AntigensIBA 01/01/2019 - "Availability of such cattle double-KO model lacking both αGal and Neu5Gc offers a unique opportunity to study the functionality of BHV manufactured with tissues of potentially lower immunogenicity, as well as a possible new clinical approaches to help patients with red meat allergy syndrome due to the presence of these xenoantigens in the diet."
9.	CarbohydratesIBA 07/01/2022 - "Alpha-gal syndrome is characterized by an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity response to the carbohydrate galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose. " 03/01/2023 - "Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is an allergy to non-primate mammalian carbohydrate (galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose) which may cause anaphylaxis. " 12/01/2017 - "The mammalian carbohydrate galactose-α1,3-galactose (α-Gal) causes a novel form of food allergy, red meat allergy, where patients experience severe allergic reactions several hours after red meat consumption. " 01/01/2022 - "Alpha-gal allergy, also known as red meat allergy or alpha-gal syndrome, can present after bites of certain tick species that contain galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) carbohydrate. " 01/01/2020 - "Alpha-gal syndrome is a complex allergic disease in humans that is caused by specific IgE (sIgE) against the carbohydrate galactose-α-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal). "
10.	OligosaccharidesIBA 12/01/2022 - "Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is a recently described allergy to galactose-α-1,3-galactose, an oligosaccharide present in mammalian meat. " 10/01/2021 - "Introduction: Alpha gal syndrome (AGS) is an acquired allergy to mammalian products correlates with a tick bite(s) that appears to cause immune sensitization to an oligosaccharide in meat. " 01/01/2023 - "Alpha Gal Syndrome (AGS) is an emerging immune response to mammalian products (MP) containing the oligosaccharide galactose-α-1,3 galactose (α-Gal) which includes meats and inactive ingredients in certain medications. " 11/01/2019 - "Alpha-gal syndrome results from IgE to the oligosaccharide galactose-α-1,3-galactose, expressed in the meat and tissues of noncatarrhine mammals. " 01/01/2016 - "The recent finding is that patients with alpha-gal syndrome do not have detectable IgG4 to the oligosaccharide. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2021 - "A small animal model of meat allergy is needed to study the mechanism of alpha-gal sensitization, the effector phase leading to delayed allergic responses and potential therapeutics to treat AGS. " 05/01/2020 - "In this case of difficulty tailoring thyroid replacement therapy secondary to the alpha-gal allergy, the diagnostic studies included IgE immunoassays for alpha-gal as well as thyroid function tests. " 12/01/2021 - "Given this, we recommend the following protocol for patients being considered for cetuximab therapy: known mammalian meat allergy as an absolute contraindication; all patients receiving cetuximab should have RAST (ImmunoCAP® ) testing for alpha-gal specific-IgE-specific antibodies before first infusion and those who test positive to be considered alternate therapy."
2.	Immunotherapy 12/01/2023 - "Oral immunotherapy in alpha-gal red meat allergy: Could specific IgE be a potential biomarker in monitoring management?" 01/01/2022 - "We review the foundation of management in alpha-gal syndrome, namely avoidance, but also discuss the use of antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, and the emerging role of complementary and alternative therapies, biological products, and oral immunotherapy in the management of this condition. "
3.	Perioperative Period 12/01/2021 - "Increasingly, recognition of α-Gal syndrome as an immune response to red meat consumption and certain drugs, many of which may be administered within the perioperative period, has led to greater awareness of the insidious nature of its presentation - from mild urticaria and gastrointestinal symptoms to severe anaphylaxis. "
4.	Stem Cell Transplantation 11/07/2023 - "Use of antithymocyte globulin (rabbit) in a patient with known alpha-gal syndrome undergoing allogenic stem cell transplantation."
5.	Perioperative Care 01/01/2022 - "Perioperative care of the patient with alpha-gal syndrome Key words: alpha-gal syndrome (AGS), red meat allergy, allergic reaction, mammalian-derived ingredients, gelatin. "