Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia

Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation that is acquired through an interaction within a healthcare institution often through a therapeutic experience (e.g., use of catheters or ventilators).

Also Known As:

Hospital Acquired Pneumonia; Nosocomial Pneumonia; Healthcare Associated Pneumonia; Healthcare-Associated Pneumonias; Hospital Acquired Pneumonias; Nosocomial Pneumonias; Pneumonia, Healthcare-Associated; Pneumonia, Hospital Acquired; Pneumonia, Nosocomial

Networked: 2048 relevant articles (124 outcomes, 386 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infections
2.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis)
3.	Sepsis (Septicemia)
4.	Soft Tissue Infections
5.	Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Experts

1.	Torres, Antoni: 33 articles (12/2021 - 07/2003)
2.	Kollef, Marin H: 26 articles (01/2022 - 03/2003)
3.	Niederman, Michael S: 20 articles (09/2019 - 08/2002)
4.	Shorr, Andrew F: 16 articles (04/2022 - 12/2003)
5.	Rubinstein, Ethan: 14 articles (03/2015 - 02/2005)
6.	Wunderink, Richard G: 13 articles (01/2022 - 03/2003)
7.	Nicolau, David P: 13 articles (10/2021 - 05/2002)
8.	Barriere, Steven L: 13 articles (09/2019 - 08/2010)
9.	Martin-Loeches, Ignacio: 12 articles (01/2022 - 08/2009)
10.	Chastre, Jean: 11 articles (10/2017 - 12/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia:

1.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 07/01/2020 - "Our study highlighted that room for improvement in antibiotic prescription in Community-Acquired and Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia currently remains. " 09/01/2011 - "By contrast, implementing the current guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia has been followed by an increase in initially adequate antibiotic treatment but has not been accompanied by a consistently improved outcome in patients." 08/01/2000 - "We sought to devise an approach that would minimize unnecessary antibiotic use, recognizing that a gold standard for the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia does not exist. " 01/01/2023 - "Future studies are needed to identify the value of lung pharmacodynamic thresholds in nosocomial pneumonia antibiotic dosage optimization." 11/02/2021 - "Randomised clinical trials assessing different antibiotic regimens for hospital-acquired pneumonia in children and neonates are warranted."
2.	Linezolid (Zyvox)FDA Link 09/01/2014 - "In summary, linezolid may be a cost-effective treatment strategy in MRSA-confirmed nosocomial pneumonia." 02/01/2001 - "Linezolid is a well-tolerated, effective treatment for adults with gram-positive nosocomial pneumonia." 12/01/2010 - "Data from 7 Phase II and III clinical trials that assessed the efficacy of linezolid in community- or hospital-acquired pneumonia were pooled. " 04/05/2003 - "Three clinical trials in patients with nosocomial pneumonia assessed the efficacy of linezolid. " 01/01/2016 - "In summary, results from both clinical and economic studies, including studies conducted from a Chinese perspective, support the use of linezolid for the treatment of patients with MRSA nosocomial pneumonia. "
3.	Tigecycline (Tygacil)FDA Link 10/01/2005 - "Global clinical trials are underway to further assess the efficacy of tigecycline for community- and hospital- acquired pneumonia. " 01/01/2021 - "Tigecycline has been widely used to treat hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) off-label since it is effective against a wide range of multidrug-resistant bacteria. " 02/03/2010 - "The in vitro activity of tigecycline was evaluated against 819 baseline pathogens isolated from 383 patients enrolled in the phase 3 clinical trial investigating the efficacy of tigecycline in hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP). " 01/01/2022 - "Our study focused on the molecular and clinical efficacy of tigecycline for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in the ICU. " 02/01/2018 - "Determination of tigecycline in human plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to population pharmacokinetics study in Chinese patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia."
4.	Vancomycin FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2011 - "The objective of this study is to assess the distribution of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates and evaluate the efficacy of vancomycin relative to vancomycin MICs in adult patients with MRSA nosocomial pneumonia. " 01/01/2013 - "Consideration of the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of vancomycin and targeting an AUC/MIC value of 250-450 μg*h/mL may result in improved treatment outcomes for elderly patients with MRSA hospital-acquired pneumonia." 04/04/2014 - "Effect of vancomycin serum trough levels on outcomes in patients with nosocomial pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus: a retrospective, post hoc, subgroup analysis of the Phase 3 ATTAIN studies." 01/01/2013 - "The purpose of this study was to determine whether pharmacokinetic indices for vancomycin are associated with mortality from MRSA hospital-acquired pneumonia in elderly patients. " 02/01/2010 - "The rate of vancomycin failure in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has exceeded 40% in several studies. "
5.	Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2002 - "Controlled clinical trials have shown efficacy of high-dose ciprofloxacin for hospital-acquired (HAP) or nosocomial pneumonia. " 10/01/2002 - "In a post-marketing surveillance study at 87 intensive-care units in Germany we analyzed 676 cases of nosocomial pneumonia treated with intravenous ciprofloxacin in a daily dosage of at least 400 mg. 538 (80 %) patients were evaluable for efficacy. " 10/01/2002 - "[Ciprofloxacin in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia: a surveillance study in 676 patients]." 02/01/2005 - "The effect of intravenous ciprofloxacin (CPFX) on hospital-acquired pneumonia was examined. " 02/01/2005 - "Clinical effect of intravenous ciprofloxacin on hospital-acquired pneumonia."
6.	Carbapenems (Carbapenem Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/2021 - "What is the efficacy of carbapenems for empiric treatment of nosocomial pneumonia? " 10/01/2023 - "PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CNKI, Wangfang, VIP and Sinomed were searched systematically through April 29, 2023 for clinical trials comparing carbapenems with BLBLIs for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia. " 02/01/2021 - "This study was conducted to acknowledge microbiological and clinical characteristics of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). " 02/01/2019 - "This study was conducted to perform an epidemiological survey of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates for nosocomial pneumonia (NP) and visit their Gram-negative bacteria neighbors (GNNs) from the respiratory tracts. " 07/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to identify specific risk factors and outcome of nosocomial pneumonia because of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB). "
7.	Ceftazidime (Fortum)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2000 - "Both intermittent and continuous ceftazidime regimens were equally effective for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia caused by less virulent bacteria." 06/01/2001 - "A prospective, randomized pilot study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of continuous versus intermittent ceftazidime in ICU patients with nosocomial pneumonia. " 04/01/2013 - "We explored the relationship of ceftazidime exposure and outcome in patients with nosocomial pneumonia using data from a recent randomized, double-blind Phase 3 clinical trial. " 04/01/2013 - "Optimal exposures of ceftazidime predict the probability of microbiological and clinical outcome in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia." 10/01/2005 - "This prospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, in term of pharmacodynamic profile, of continuous infusion versus intermittent administration of ceftazidime in intensive care unit patients with severe nosocomial pneumonia. "
8.	Levofloxacin (Levaquin)FDA Link 02/01/2014 - "[Efficacy and safety of levofloxacin in patients with nursing and healthcare-associated pneumonia]." 01/01/2008 - "[Clinical positioning of levofloxacin in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia]." 09/01/2003 - "We used the distribution from an analysis of 58 patients receiving levofloxacin for nosocomial pneumonia at a dose of 750 mg. The collection of parameter vectors and their associated probabilities were entered into a D-optimal design evaluation by using ADAPT II. The sampling times, weighted for their probabilities, were displayed in a frequency histogram (an expression of how system information varies with time for the population). " 02/01/2003 - "Use of the 750-mg dose of levofloxacin should enhance therapeutic benefit in patients with nosocomial pneumonia. " 01/01/2008 - "[Present aspects and prospects of levofloxacin use in therapy of nosocomial pneumonia]."
9.	telavancin FDA Link 12/01/2012 - "In phase 3 studies of the efficacy of telavancin for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia, 704 Gram-positive and 627 Gram-negative aerobic bacterial pathogens were obtained at baseline from 1503 patients. " 12/16/2020 - "However, studies are needed to confirm the benefits of telavancin in treating MRSA nosocomial pneumonia." 10/01/2018 - "Retrospective, descriptive analysis of data from the safety population from the Assessment of Telavancin for Treatment of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (ATTAIN) trials. " 12/01/2014 - "Telavancin now has approval for treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia, and recent phase 2 trial data showed similar cure rates in S. " 04/01/2014 - "Clinigen Healthcare Ltd, Theravance's commercialization partner for telavancin in Europe, is in the process of seeking approval of a new manufacturing source.) A post hoc analysis of data from two Phase 3 ATTAIN trials of telavancin for the treatment of Gram-positive nosocomial pneumonia assessing clinical outcomes and safety. "
10.	Cefepime (Maxipime)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2008 - "In conclusion, fixed dose combination of Cefepime and Amakacin was more effective in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia than Cefepime alone." 01/01/2013 - "The results of this study show that cefepime is not a reasonable choice for empirical treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and VAP." 01/01/2010 - "We examined these issues in a prospective non-interventional study of 21 consecutive intensive care unit (ICU) adult patients treated with cefepime for nosocomial pneumonia. " 05/01/2008 - "The study was aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of fixed dose combination (FDC) of Cefepime and Amakacin with that of Cefepime alone in treatment of patients suffering from nosocomial pneumonia. " 01/01/2003 - "In randomized clinical trials in hospitalized patients with generally moderate to severe community-acquired or nosocomial pneumonia, cefepime monotherapy exhibited good clinical and bacteriological efficacy. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 11/01/2017 - "A significant reduction in the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia (OR: 0.33, [95%CI: 0.17, 0.65], p=0.001) was observed in patients treated prophylactically with continuous lateral rotational therapy. " 07/01/2007 - "Appropriate empirical therapy has been associated with improved survival, but data are limited regarding the etiologic agents of hospital-acquired pneumonia in nonventilated patients (HAP). " 10/01/2020 - "These modalities along with the use of LUS and/or low radiation CT might improve the sensitivity and specificity of nosocomial pneumonia diagnosis, enhance early detection and guide the antimicrobial therapy but more studies are needed to further evaluate them and determine their role for the routine clinical practice." 01/01/2011 - "Development and implementation of a performance improvement project in adult intensive care units: overview of the Improving Medicine Through Pathway Assessment of Critical Therapy in Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (IMPACT-HAP) study." 09/01/2010 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of inappropriate antimicrobial therapy on the outcome of patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. "
2.	Artificial Respiration (Mechanical Ventilation) 09/12/2023 - "bNP is a serious disease, with mortality >40%.ImportanceThis study on bacteremic nosocomial pneumonia (bNP) demonstrates the importance of this condition both in patients undergoing and not undergoing mechanical ventilation. " 01/01/2019 - "Incidence of nosocomial pneumonia, duration of ICU stay and overall duration of mechanical ventilation were significantly lower in the study group. " 08/01/2015 - "Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia with Oral Care in Individuals Without Mechanical Ventilation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." 10/01/2022 - "However, the patient died from an eventual nosocomial pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation. " 01/01/2022 - "This review will provide evidence of oral care for intensive care unit patients without mechanical ventilation to prevent nosocomial pneumonia. "
3.	Mechanical Ventilators (Ventilator) 07/01/2023 - "Prevention of non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia in Switzerland: a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial." 04/13/2023 - "This study examined the associations of nurse and physician staffing in intensive care units (ICUs) with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) incidence and in-hospital mortality in postoperative patients on ventilators. " 02/01/2023 - "The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, characteristics and in-hospital mortality of non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) in a regional (Modified Monash Model 2) Australian hospital. " 02/01/2023 - "The incidence, characteristics and in-hospital mortality of non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia in regional Queensland: A retrospective descriptive study." 01/01/2014 - "In the study institution, a high rate of nosocomial pneumonia (PNEU) and prolonged ventilator days ≥48 hours (V48) was observed on the surgical service. "
4.	Oral Hygiene (Dental Hygiene) 04/01/2015 - "It was observed that the control of oral biofilm reduces the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia, but the fact that most articles had an intermediate grade of recommendation makes clear the need to conduct randomized controlled trials with minimal bias to establish future guidelines for oral hygiene in intensive care units. " 04/01/2013 - "There was strong evidence from randomized controlled trials that interventions, which improve oral hygiene have positive effects on the prevention of nosocomial pneumonias. " 04/01/2013 - "There was strong evidence from randomized controlled trials that interventions, which improve oral hygiene have positive effects on the prevention of nosocomial pneumonias. " 05/01/2009 - "However, the decreased incidence of nosocomial pneumonia during the study period suggests a possible benefit of meticulous oral hygiene in ICU patients." 11/01/2004 - "Future studies are needed to delineate whether daily oral hygiene in hospitalized elderly would reduce the risk of nosocomial pneumonia in this frail population."
5.	Home Nursing (Nursing, Home) 01/01/2020 - "This belief was reflected in CAP guidelines until 2005 when the designation healthcare-associated pneumonia or HCAP was introduced and nursing home residents were included in the HCAP category. " 03/01/2016 - "Impact of microbiological samples in the hospital management of community-acquired, nursing home-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia in older patients." 08/01/2015 - "Evidence is lacking on the preventive effect of oral care on healthcare-associated pneumonia in hospitalized patients and nursing home residents who are not mechanically ventilated. " 02/01/2013 - "We retrospectively observed HCAP patients and nursing home and healthcare-associated pneumonia (NHCAP) patients who were hospitalized during 24 months at the Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital (Nagasaki, Japan). " 02/01/2011 - "Nursing home residence is the main risk factor for increased mortality in healthcare-associated pneumonia."