Essential Hypertension

Hypertension that occurs without known cause, or preexisting renal disease. Associated polymorphisms for a number of genes have been identified, including AGT, GNB3, and ECE1. OMIM: 145500

Also Known As:

Networked: 15123 relevant articles (732 outcomes, 2944 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
2.	Heart Failure
3.	Insulin Resistance
4.	Hyperaldosteronism (Conn Syndrome)
5.	Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (Ventricular Hypertrophy, Left)

Experts

1.	Soma, Masayoshi: 32 articles (01/2020 - 01/2002)
2.	Rakugi, Hiromi: 29 articles (01/2022 - 07/2003)
3.	Schmieder, Roland E: 28 articles (01/2019 - 01/2002)
4.	Lin, Yen-Hung: 27 articles (12/2021 - 05/2010)
5.	Nakayama, Tomohiro: 27 articles (12/2020 - 01/2002)
6.	Wu, Vin-Cent: 25 articles (01/2022 - 05/2010)
7.	Higaki, Jitsuo: 25 articles (01/2020 - 07/2002)
8.	Ogihara, Toshio: 25 articles (03/2017 - 07/2002)
9.	Wright, James M: 24 articles (10/2020 - 10/2008)
10.	Turner, Stephen T: 23 articles (11/2015 - 03/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Essential Hypertension:

1.	Antihypertensive Agents (Antihypertensives)IBA 01/01/2013 - "Meta-analysis showed that QJDHW combined with antihypertensive drugs was more effective in lowering blood pressure and improving TCM syndrome for the treatment of essential hypertension than antihypertensive drugs used alone. " 04/01/2015 - "SXC used alone or combined with antihypertensive drugs appear to be an effective treatment for lowering elevated blood pressure and improving symptoms in patients with primary hypertension. " 01/01/2013 - "Our review suggests that QJDHW combined with antihypertensive drugs might be an effective treatment for lowering blood pressure and improving symptoms in patients with essential hypertension. " 01/01/2012 - "LWDHW combined with antihypertensive drugs appears to be effective in improving blood pressure and symptoms in patients with essential hypertension. " 09/18/2020 - "Although the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs has been well established for primary hypertension, their effectiveness is always limited by side effects and poor compliance. "
2.	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors)IBA 01/01/2021 - "Phase 2 trial data support a significant reduction in blood pressure compared to placebo and similar blood pressure reduction compared to a moderately dosed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in patients with essential hypertension. " 05/01/1990 - "Although some studies of ACE inhibitors in primary essential hypertension have demonstrated increases in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow in patients with renal impairment, other studies have not shown these same beneficial results. " 01/01/2004 - "Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have been shown to be useful in the treatment of essential hypertension while anti-platelet agents improve the overall cardiovascular risk profile in this population. " 10/08/2008 - "Double-blind, randomized, controlled trials evaluating the BP lowering efficacy of fixed-dose monotherapy with an ACE inhibitor compared with placebo for a duration of 3 to 12 weeks in patients with primary hypertension. " 01/01/1988 - "Numerous trials have shown the efficacy of ACE-inhibitors in moderate and severe essential hypertension. "
3.	Hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/1965 - "COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF MEBUTAMATE COMBINED WITH HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION." 01/01/2020 - "This study demonstrated significant effectiveness of OLM/AML/HCTZ in achieving target BP in Korean patients with essential hypertension. " 01/01/2020 - "Medical records of 9749 patients with essential hypertension who had been prescribed OLM/AML/HCTZ within 1 year of the study were analyzed. " 01/01/2020 - "This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of SPC of OLM/AML/HCTZ in a real practice setting in Korean patients with essential hypertension. " 02/01/2017 - "In this randomized, open-label, controlled trial, we enrolled 175 Caucasian patients with essential hypertension not well controlled by concomitant ACE-I or ARBs and hydrochlorothiazide. "
4.	Nifedipine (Adalat)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2007 - "The dose-dependent increased efficacy and the markedly improved safety profile of bedtime as compared to morning administration of nifedipine GITS should be taken into account when prescribing this CCB in the treatment of essential hypertension." 10/01/2015 - "Long-term safety and efficacy of high-dose controlled-release nifedipine (80 mg per day) in Japanese patients with essential hypertension." 04/01/1994 - "Nifedipine in the coat core formulation is effective in lowering BP in patients with essential hypertension. " 01/01/1991 - "The long-term monotherapy with corinfar was shown to be effective in the majority of patients suffering from stage II stable essential hypertension. " 10/11/1985 - "Thus, nifedipine may be used effectively as monotherapy in patients with essential hypertension, controlling blood pressure throughout the day and at night. "
5.	EnalaprilFDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1984 - "In conclusion, enalapril monotherapy reduces blood pressure in two-thirds of patients with moderately severe essential hypertension at rest and during exercise, associated with a significant reduction in TPRI. " 01/01/1985 - "Multiclinic controlled studies have shown that enalapril alone 10 to 40 mg/day orally is effective in lowering blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. " 03/01/2001 - "After a 4-week placebo run-in period, nine patients with essential hypertension entered the double-blind phase of the study, which consisted of three 6-week periods during which patients were treated with placebo, enalapril 20 mg o.d. " 05/01/1998 - "The aims of this study were to examine (1) the cardiac response to exercise in essential hypertension and (2) the effect of long-term enalapril treatment on cardiac reserve. " 03/01/1990 - "The factors determining the response to enalapril have been investigated in a placebo-controlled study in essential hypertension. "
6.	Amlodipine (Norvasc)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2023 - "Conclusion: The combination of QDT and amlodipine besylate demonstrates superior efficacy compared to amlodipine besylate monotherapy in the management of essential hypertension. " 05/01/1999 - "Higher doses of amlodipine were required for younger patients, and monotherapy was effective in patients with essential hypertension." 09/01/2013 - "Administering amlodipine in 2 divided doses was not associated with increased trough plasma amlodipine concentrations, reduced arterial stiffness, or improved BP control over a 24-hour period in patients with essential hypertension." 03/01/2001 - "Amlodipine causes reduction of cerebral vascular resistance and promotes improvement in arterial blood filling in patients with essential hypertension. " 04/01/2023 - "Effectiveness of Amlodipine in the Control of 24-Hour Blood Pressure in Mild-to-Moderate Essential Hypertension: A Prospective, Multicenter, Observational Real-World Study from India."
7.	CalciumIBA 07/01/1991 - "The calcium antagonists are effective in the treatment of essential hypertension. " 12/01/1987 - "Beta blockers are often considered to be less effective for blood pressure control in elderly patients with essential hypertension than calcium antagonists. " 08/01/1987 - "In this respect, there are reports indicating that calcium blockers are particularly effective in a subgroup of patients with essential hypertension who exhibit subtle but detectable alterations in calcium metabolism. " 01/01/1985 - "This may explain the greater efficacy of calcium entry blockers in older hypertensive patients with essential hypertension." 02/26/2021 - "The aim of this study was to determine whether the association of calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNA1C) rs1006737 with essential hypertension (EH) exists in both Chinese Han and ethnic Russian populations of Northeast Asia. "
8.	Captopril (Capoten)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1994 - "All the patients had essential hypertension stage II. When used at the hours of the greatest sensitivity, Capoten proved more effective this permitting lower single, daily and course doses administration, hypotensive effect occurred in shorter period of time. " 05/01/1981 - "4 Captopril given orally, either alone or in conjunction with HCT, is an effective agent for the control of mild and moderate essential hypertension. " 06/01/2010 - "Impact of genetic polymorphism of SDF1 3A on efficacy of captopril in Chinese patients with essential hypertension." 11/30/1985 - "[Efficacy of captopril in the long-term treatment of essential hypertension of moderate-medium degree]." 04/21/1982 - "Long-term efficacy of captopril in renovascular and essential hypertension."
9.	ReninIBA 10/01/1987 - "In this study, a significant reduction of u-cDA and of u-tDA was also found in those patients with low renin essential hypertension. " 07/01/1975 - "The mean changes in DPB were +6+/-1.4 mmHg in low renin essential hypertension and +16+/-2.2 mmHg in another and the pressor response in the later was significantly greater (p less than 0.01). " 01/01/2022 - "Our study aimed to assess active renin concentration in children with primary hypertension. " 01/01/2018 - "Despite similar blood pressure at study entry and throughout follow-up, patients with PA who were treated with MR antagonists whose renin remained suppressed had a higher risk for incident AF than patients with essential hypertension (adjusted HR, 2.55 [95% CI, 1.75-3.71]). " 10/01/2017 - "The current study provides evidence for a possible association of renin gene polymorphisms with essential hypertension in a Han population of northern China."
10.	DiureticsIBA 01/01/1981 - "However, in the long term, it is effective in lowering the blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension, especially when combined with a diuretic. " 01/01/2022 - "To be included in the review, studies must be double-blind randomized controlled trials evaluating T diuretics alone or in combination with PS diuretics in patients with primary hypertension. " 10/05/2011 - "21 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in 1,993 patients with primary hypertension met the inclusion criteria for this review - ACEIs (5 trials), CCBs (7 trials), ARBs (6 trials), diuretics (2 trials), alpha-blockers (1 trial), and beta-blockers (1 trial). " 11/01/2006 - "In the Japan Home versus Office Blood Pressure Measurement Evaluation (J-HOME) study, we examined the current situation with respect to the prescription of diuretics, including the prevalence of diuretic treatment and the dosages used for patients with essential hypertension in primary care settings. " 04/01/1990 - "To study the role of diet, 197 patients of essential hypertension were randomized to either experimental diet (group A, 97 cases) or normal diet (group B, 100 cases) with diuretics given to both the groups. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 08/01/2009 - "Fixed-dose combination therapy is an efficacious, relatively safe and cost-effective treatment option in most patients with essential hypertension. " 01/01/1996 - "The medical treatment of essential hypertension represents a long-term therapy that, besides a normalisation of blood pressure, should include a reparation of end organ damages, a beneficial influence on concomitant diseases, a better quality of life and an improved prognosis. " 04/01/2012 - "In Japanese adult patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension, CC/AML 8/5 mg combination therapy was more effective in lowering blood pressure than CC 8 mg or AML 5 mg monotherapy. " 01/01/1991 - "Results of clinical, psychological and psychophysiological examinations of 136 patients with mild essential hypertension indicate that psychorelaxation therapy is more effective in patients with a higher level of BP response to emotional stress and a shorter period of BP recovery after stress. " 06/01/2017 - "In adult patients with uncontrolled essential hypertension on treatment, single-pill triple-combination therapy with Per/Ind/Aml is as effective as the same dose dual-pill combination of Per/Ind + Aml. "
2.	Chronotherapy 01/01/2008 - "[Individual chronotherapy of essential hypertension and compliance of patients with treatment scheme]." 01/01/2003 - "[Optimization of sanatorium treatment of patients with essential hypertension stage II by chronotherapy]." 01/01/1986 - "[Clofeline chronotherapy of patients with essential hypertension]." 01/01/1999 - "The study was made of effectiveness of preventive chronotherapy (PC) and comparative benefit of preventive CT vs conventional therapy (CT) in 47 patients with essential hypertension (EH) stage I, II and III. The group on PC consisted of 25 patients. " 01/01/2008 - "For adequate and safe chronotherapy of essential hypertension it is necessary to know an individual circadian rhythm of BP. Motivation to long-term pharmacotherapy is the best in patients with adaptive reaction to the disease. "
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2021 - "In this study, we aimed to determine the changes in metabolites after single-drug therapy with a CCB or ARB in patients newly diagnosed with mild to moderate primary hypertension. " 05/01/2001 - "A study was made of indices for a long-term monitoring of arterial pressure in patients presenting with moderately severe essential hypertension prior to treatment and against the background of administration of a combined pharmacotherapy. " 08/15/1994 - "Aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of metabolic abnormalities in patients with newly diagnosed essential hypertension and to assess the effects of a blood pressure lowering drug therapy on the respective variables. " 01/01/1992 - "The study was performed in 36 healthy individuals and 38 patients with essential hypertension without a drug therapy and/or in the wash out period more than three weeks and after a treatment. " 01/01/2023 - "The main treatment for essential hypertension at this stage is pharmacotherapy. "
4.	Kidney Transplantation 12/01/2000 - "Remission of essential hypertension after renal transplantation. " 12/14/1987 - "In fact 6 cases of essential hypertension in blacks have been "cured" by renal transplantation, strongly supporting the belief. " 03/29/1984 - "Remission of essential hypertension after renal transplantation." 10/27/1983 - "Remission of essential hypertension after renal transplantation." 06/01/1996 - "Pathogenesis of primary hypertension--lessons from renal transplantation studies."
5.	Psychology Biofeedback (Biofeedback) 01/01/2003 - "The results suggested that biofeedback was more effective in reducing blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension than no intervention. " 07/01/1992 - "Several studies have produced results suggesting that thermal biofeedback treatment is effective in lowering the blood pressure (BP) of individuals with both mild and moderate essential hypertension. " 05/01/2005 - "The main purpose of this study was to develop a way to predict which persons with essential hypertension would benefit most from biofeedback-assisted relaxation (BFAR) training. " 01/01/2003 - "To examine the blood pressure-lowering effects of biofeedback treatment in patients with essential hypertension, a meta-analysis was conducted on studies published between 1966 and 2001. " 02/01/2001 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of biofeedback in the treatment of stages 1 and 2 essential hypertension via meta-analytical methods. "