High sodium intake is associated with masked hypertension in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and treated hypertension.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Knowledge regarding the association between dietary sodium intake and the incidence of masked hypertension is limited.

METHODS:

A total of 193 Japanese type 2 diabetic outpatients who had been treated with antihypertensive agents and with office blood pressures <140/90 mm Hg were recruited. Masked hypertension was defined as having office blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg and 24-h mean ambulatory blood pressure ≥130/80 mm Hg. The dietary sodium intake was estimated by measuring the 24-h urinary sodium excretion.

RESULTS:

Masked hypertension was found in 128 (66.3%) patients. An age- and sex-adjusted univariate logistic regression analysis showed that urinary albumin excretion, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor use, office systolic blood pressure, and amount of dietary sodium intake were significantly associated with masked hypertension. A multivariate logistic regression analysis also identified an older age, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor use, an office elevated systolic blood pressure, and high dietary sodium intake to be independently associated with masked hypertension. When compared with those who consumed a low salt diet (sodium <120 mEq/day), the odds ratio for the risk of exhibiting masked hypertension in patients who consumed a medium salt diet (sodium 120 to <200 mEq/day) or a high salt diet (sodium ≥200 mEq/day) were 5.3 (P < 0.001) and 12.6 (P < 0.001), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Masked hypertension is a common feature in type 2 diabetic patients being treated for hypertension. The observed association with sodium intake raised the hypothesis that excessive sodium intake may play a part in the genesis of masked hypertension in these patients.

• Authors: Takashi Uzu, Keiko Nakao, Shinji Kume, Hisazumi Araki, Keiji Isshiki, Shin-Ichi Araki, Hiromichi Kawai, Satoshi Ugi, Atsunori Kashiwagi, Hiroshi Maegawa
• Journal: American journal of hypertension (Am J Hypertens) Vol. 25 Issue 11 Pg. 1170-4 (Nov 2012) ISSN: 1941-7225 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 22810841 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Antihypertensive Agents
• Sodium, Dietary
• Sodium

Topics

• Aged
• Antihypertensive Agents (therapeutic use)
• Asian People
• Blood Pressure
• Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (complications)
• Diet, Sodium-Restricted
• Female
• Humans
• Hypertension (etiology)
• Japan (epidemiology)
• Male
• Masked Hypertension (etiology)
• Middle Aged
• Prevalence
• Renin-Angiotensin System (drug effects)
• Sodium (urine)
• Sodium, Dietary (administration & dosage)