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Sodium

An element that is a member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. With a valence of 1, it has a strong affinity for oxygen and other nonmetallic elements. Sodium provides the chief cation of the extracellular body fluids. Its salts are the most widely used in medicine. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Physiologically the sodium ion plays a major role in blood pressure regulation, maintenance of fluid volume, and electrolyte balance.

Also Known As:

Sodium Ion Level; Ion Level, Sodium; Level, Sodium Ion

Networked: 21544 relevant articles (805 outcomes, 2153 trials/studies) for this Bio-Agent, Comments

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Appel, Lawrence J: 16 articles (12/2012 - 10/2002)
2.	Nielsen, Søren: 14 articles (05/2008 - 02/2002)
3.	Jose, Pedro A: 13 articles (08/2012 - 03/2002)
4.	Frøkiaer, Jørgen: 12 articles (05/2008 - 11/2003)
5.	Burnier, Michel: 11 articles (05/2012 - 01/2004)
6.	Knepper, Mark A: 11 articles (02/2009 - 05/2003)
7.	Belardinelli, Luiz: 10 articles (01/2013 - 05/2006)
8.	Bianchi, Giuseppe: 10 articles (01/2009 - 12/2002)
9.	Grant, Steven: 10 articles (01/2006 - 12/2003)
10.	Arroyo, Vicente: 9 articles (12/2012 - 02/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 08/01/1991 - "A marked reduction of sodium intake is effective in treating even severe hypertension. " 07/01/2001 - "Increased nasal potential difference measurements may reflect generalized upregulation of sodium transport in black people compared with white people, which may help to explain the high prevalence of hypertension in black people but would not explain differences in blood pressure within separate ethnic groups." 12/01/1999 - "In response to hyperinsulinaemia, renal sodium clearance decreased to a significantly greater extent in the hypertension-prone subjects [0.57 (0.74, 0.36) ml.min(-1).1.73 m(2) (median and quartiles)] than in the controls [0.34 (0.56, 0.18) ml. min(-1).1.73 m(2)] (P=0.04). " 10/11/1996 - "Forty percent of our patients had their blood pressure effectively controlled (more than 10 mmHg reduction in mean blood pressure), being the hypotensive effect more evident in patients with recent hypertension and in those where the reduction in intraerythrocyte sodium was significantly greater than in the non-responder individuals. " 02/01/1992 - "The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was significantly less activated with women in the supine position in pregnancy-induced hypertensive and chronic hypertensive women; however, as opposed to pregnancy-induced hypertensive women, those with chronic hypertension reassumed their humoral response to upright posture, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in sodium excretion. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Pain (Aches) 10/01/1993 - "While the addition of an extra 10 g/day of sodium to the diet had no overall effect on resting cardiovascular activity, it produced significantly greater diastolic blood pressure and smaller heart rate responses to the pain stimuli. " 01/01/2009 - "The results obtained in this study suggest that Sodium lauryl sulphate cream might be useful in local pain conditions and may be an effective alternative to the presently used systemic routes." 01/01/2000 - "The groups did not differ significantly from each other in the beginning of the study in any other parameters except in pain and urine sodium. " 12/01/2012 - "Patients treated with tramadol+dexamethasone showed lower pain scores compared to the tramadol+diclofenac sodium combination, larger postoperative mouth opening, and less swelling. " 01/01/2012 - "Sea-anemone toxin ATX-II elicits A-fiber-dependent pain and enhances resurgent and persistent sodium currents in large sensory neurons." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Ischemia 11/01/2009 - "A marked decrease was observed in the medulla and cortex 23Na-MRI signal intensity (SI) during the early evolution of ATN caused by IR injury, with the sodium reabsorption function of the kidney being irreversibly damaged after 50 min of ischemia. " 08/01/2004 - "In contrast, EPO treatment at the time of ischemia of rats with ARF significantly prevented the ischemia-induced down-regulation of renal AQPs and sodium transporters and in parallel improved the urinary concentrating capability and renal sodium reabsorption. " 11/01/1994 - "The data suggest that ET receptor antagonists, possibly by altering tubular sodium reabsorption, may be beneficial in ischemia-induced ARF." 09/01/2004 - "Changes in T2-weighted tissue sodium (23Na) signal following acute ischemia may help to identify necrotic tissue and estimate the duration of ischemia. " 11/01/2009 - "Therefore, 23Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to study the alterations in renal sodium distribution in the rat kidney during ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury, which induces ATN. " Order ALL the reference details at left...*
4.	Body Weight (Weight, Body) 01/01/2012 - "The aim of this study was to determine if there were any associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), within the AVPR2 gene, and changes in serum sodium concentrations and/or body weight (BW) in Ironman triathletes. " 01/01/2008 - "The study suggested that urine weight adjusted for BW was negatively related with 24-h BP, especially morning BP. Sodium excretion combined with a large volume of urine proportional to body weight may prevent increases in BP, especially in the morning." 04/01/2005 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an immediate pre-exercise, orally ingested, sodium load (164 mEq Na+) (IPOSL), equivalent to 10 ml per kilogram of body weight, on plasma volume, endurance performance, and thermoregulation. " 07/01/2003 - "Body weight and urinary sodium excretion did not change throughout the study. " 09/01/2002 - "We investigated sodium balance and its impact on body weight (BW) during a long-term balance study. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 11/01/2008 - "But at the end of the therapy, the chemoradiotherapy plus sodium glycididazole group showed a significantly higher rate of complete tumor remission than the chemoradiotherapy group (93.3% vs 73.33%, chi(2)=4.32, P=0.038). " 12/01/2006 - "Diffusion imaging and, more recently, sodium MRI have demonstrated their distinct abilities to detect therapy-induced alterations in tumor cellularity, which has been demonstrated to be indicative of therapeutic efficacy. " 01/01/1983 - "ADH values after therapy were normal, and all patients maintained a normal serum sodium during the period of tumor remission in spite of unrestricted fluid intake. " 01/01/2009 - "Pharmacokinetic study of sodium trans[tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)-ruthenate (III)]/-indazole hydrochloride (1:1.1) (FFC14A) in patients with solid tumors." 12/01/2008 - "The sodium treatment produced a dramatic regression of tumors that lasted throughout the 12 days of the study. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Potassium
2.	Naproxen (Naprosyn)
3.	Calcium
4.	Butyrates (Butyrate)
5.	Renin
6.	Glucose (Dextrose)
7.	Dextrans (Dextran)
8.	Aldosterone
9.	Lithium
10.	Creatinine

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Fluid Therapy (Oral Rehydration Therapy)
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)
4.	Oral Administration
5.	Anesthesia

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