Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases

OXIDOREDUCTASES which mediate vitamin K metabolism by converting inactive vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to active vitamin K.

Also Known As:

Menadione Epoxide Reductase; Phylloquinone Epoxide Reductase; Vitamin K 1 Epoxidase; Vitamin K 2,3-Epoxide Reductase; Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase; Vitamin K1 Oxide Reductase; Vitamin KO Reductase; Epoxidase, Vitamin K; Epoxide Reductase, Menadione; Epoxide Reductase, Phylloquinone; K Epoxidase, Vitamin; Reductase, Menadione Epoxide; Reductase, Phylloquinone Epoxide; Reductase, Vitamin KO; Vitamin K 2,3 Epoxide Reductase; Vitamin K Epoxidase

Networked: 84 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 8 trials/studies)

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Enzymes and Coenzymes: 1
- Enzymes: 152586
  - Oxidoreductases: 13671
    - Oxygenases: 333
      - Mixed Function Oxygenases: 2175
        Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases: 84
        Arabidopsis lumen thiol oxidoreductase 1
        human VKORC1 protein
        human VKORC1L1 protein
        mouse VKORC1 protein
        mouse Vkorc1l1 protein
        rat VKORC1 protein

Experts

1.	Degirmenci, Irfan: 3 articles (01/2019 - 06/2016)
2.	Hui, Rutai: 3 articles (01/2019 - 03/2006)
3.	Wang, Yibo: 3 articles (01/2019 - 03/2006)
4.	Oldenburg, Johannes: 3 articles (10/2014 - 09/2006)
5.	Gunes, Hasan Veysi: 2 articles (01/2019 - 05/2017)
6.	Soyocak, Ahu: 2 articles (01/2019 - 05/2017)
7.	Zhang, Weili: 2 articles (01/2019 - 03/2006)
8.	Roldán, Vanessa: 2 articles (06/2018 - 01/2013)
9.	Vicente, Vicente: 2 articles (06/2018 - 01/2013)
10.	Colak, Ertugrul: 2 articles (05/2017 - 06/2016)

Related Diseases

1.	Hemorrhage 11/01/2012 - "Genetic variants of vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC-1) are associated with increased VKA effect and bleeding risk. " 01/01/2023 - "Missense vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) mutations in patients cause resistance to warfarin treatment but not abnormal bleeding due to defective VKOR activity. " 01/01/2014 - "This framework describes chemical properties of ARs, established macromolecular interactions by inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase, cellular responses including altered clotting factor processing and coagulopathy, organ level effects such as hemorrhage, organism responses with linkages to reduced fitness and mortality, and potential consequences to predator populations. " 01/01/2013 - "Several studies have linked mutations in the genes encoding cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1) to a reduced VKA dose requirement and an increased risk of bleeding. " 01/01/2019 - "The bleeding tendency is caused by the depletion of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors via inhibition of the vitamin K epoxide reductase. "
2.	Osteoporosis 01/01/2018 - "Association between Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase (VKORC1) -1639G>A Polymorphism and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women." 07/01/2010 - "Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1) gene mutations in osteoporosis: A pilot study." 01/01/2019 - "In this study, the relationship between osteoporotic vertebral fractures and 9041 Guanine/Adenine and 3673 Guanine/Adenine polymorphisms related to the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit-1 (VKORC1) gene in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis was investigated. " 12/13/2010 - "Because the candidate gene vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) generates vitamin K quinone, a cofactor for the gamma-carboxylation of bone-related proteins such as osteocalcin, we hypothesized that VKORC1 genetic variants may be associated with BMD and osteoporosis in the general population. "
3.	Type 2 Combined Deficiency Of Vitamin K-Dependent Clotting Factors 11/01/2008 - "Biochemical and molecular studies identify two variants of this autosomal recessive disorder: VKCFD1, which is associated with point mutations in the gamma-glutamylcarboxylase gene (GGCX), and VKCFD2, which results from point mutations in the vitamin K epoxide reductase gene (VKOR). " 07/01/2007 - "The genetic diagnosis of a single family with combined vitamin K-dependent clotting factor deficiency (VKCFD2, OMIM #607473) finally led to the identification and molecular characterization of vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1). " 05/01/2008 - "Combined vitamin K-dependent clotting factor (VKCF) deficiency type 2 (VKCFD2) is a rare bleeding disorder caused by mutated vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) gene. " 10/01/2014 - "Functional limitations for the vitamin K cycle, caused either by mutations in gamma-glutamyl carboxylase or vitamin K epoxide reductase genes, result in hereditary deficiency of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (VKCFD1 and VKCFD2, respectively). "
4.	Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatoma) 02/01/2019 - "In the present study, Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) was found to be significantly down-regulated in clinical hepatoma tissues and most tested hepatoma cell lines. " 06/01/2012 - "To identify additional pathways, we used RNA interference in human hepatoma cells and evaluated the relative contributions to oxidative protein folding and ER redox homeostasis of Ero1, PRDX4, and the candidate oxidants quiescin-sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) and vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR). " 10/01/2010 - "PIVKAII (protein induced by vitamin K absence), used for screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is influenced by vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1). "
5.	1 Combined Deficiency Of Vitamin K-Dependent Clotting Factors 11/01/2008 - "Biochemical and molecular studies identify two variants of this autosomal recessive disorder: VKCFD1, which is associated with point mutations in the gamma-glutamylcarboxylase gene (GGCX), and VKCFD2, which results from point mutations in the vitamin K epoxide reductase gene (VKOR). " 10/01/2014 - "Functional limitations for the vitamin K cycle, caused either by mutations in gamma-glutamyl carboxylase or vitamin K epoxide reductase genes, result in hereditary deficiency of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (VKCFD1 and VKCFD2, respectively). "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9
2.	Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System (Cytochrome P450)
3.	Warfarin (Coumadin)
4.	glutamyl carboxylase (gamma-glutamyl carboxylase)
5.	Guanine
6.	Adenine
7.	Vitamin K
8.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
9.	Blood Coagulation Factors (Coagulation Factor)
10.	Enzymes

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)