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Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

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Exuberant inflammatory response towards previously undiagnosed or incubating opportunistic pathogens. It is frequently seen in AIDS patients following HAART.

Also Known As:

Immune Reconstitution Syndrome; Disease, Immune Reconstitution; Immune Reconstitution Syndromes; Reconstitution Disease, Immune; Reconstitution Syndrome, Immune; Reconstitution Syndromes, Immune; Restoration Syndrome, Immune; Syndrome, Immune Reconstitution; Syndrome, Immune Restoration; Syndromes, Immune Reconstitution; Immune Reconstitution Disease; Immune Restoration Syndrome

Networked: 385 relevant articles (6 outcomes, 13 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Immune System Diseases: 1611
- Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: 385

Related Diseases

1.	Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
2.	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
3.	HIV Infections (HIV Infection)
4.	Meningoencephalitis
5.	Tuberculosis (Tuberculoses)

Experts

1.	French, Martyn A: 5 articles (11/2012 - 12/2009)
2.	Elliott, Julian H: 4 articles (11/2012 - 12/2009)
3.	Lortholary, Olivier: 4 articles (10/2012 - 01/2006)
4.	Wilkinson, Robert J: 4 articles (08/2012 - 11/2007)
5.	Pepper, Dominique J: 4 articles (08/2012 - 11/2007)
6.	Meintjes, Graeme: 4 articles (08/2012 - 09/2010)
7.	Price, Patricia: 3 articles (11/2012 - 12/2010)
8.	Oliver, Benjamin G: 3 articles (11/2012 - 12/2010)
9.	Cooper, David A: 3 articles (11/2012 - 12/2009)
10.	Rebe, Kevin: 3 articles (08/2012 - 01/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome:

1.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 11/01/2010 - "Biomarkers in immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: signals from pathogenesis." 07/01/2010 - "Biomarkers could be useful in evaluating immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). " 11/10/2009 - "Despite the association of contrast enhancement and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with JCV-specific CTL, these cannot be considered as surrogate markers for the prognostic value of the CTL. " 04/01/2011 - "Clinical markers of immunodeficiency and mechanism of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and highly active antiretroviral therapy on HIV: workshop 3A." 08/24/2011 - "Plasma biomarkers in the prediction and diagnosis of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Thalidomide (Thalomid)FDA Link 10/23/2012 - "We describe three HIV-infected patients with corticosteroid-dependent and life-threatening paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome for whom thalidomide treatment induced rapid clinical remission and permitted complete corticosteroid withdrawal without clinical relapse." 01/01/2010 - "Successful treatment of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in Whipple's disease using thalidomide." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Azithromycin (Zithromax)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2002 - "Azithromycin appeared to be protective against disseminated MAC in patients who were either unresponsive or nonadherent to HAART, but it did not prevent the development of immune reconstitution disease due to MAC." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	maraviroc FDA Link 11/27/2009 - "Is maraviroc beneficial in paradoxical progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome management?" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	liposomal amphotericin B FDA Link 08/01/2008 - "Liposomal amphotericin B for a case of intractable cryptococcal meningoencephalitis and immune reconstitution syndrome." 08/01/2008 - "We examined the efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) for intractable cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the presence of immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) caused by the treatment. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 12/01/2011 - "The treatment of co-infected patients requires antituberculosis and antiretroviral drugs to be administered concomitantly; challenges include pill burden and patient compliance, drug interactions, overlapping toxic effects, and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. " 04/01/2011 - "While immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) occurred in 2 (4.9%) of the patients, only one death (2.4%) was recorded among the co-infected children. " 03/01/2007 - "Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an HIV/TB co-infected patient four years after starting antiretroviral therapy." 09/01/2008 - "A prospective and multi-centre study has allowed us to analyse antibody responses and Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolate genotypes on 24 consecutive HIV-TB co-infected patients treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) who either went on to develop a TB Immune Restoration Syndrome (TB-IRS), or not. " 09/04/2012 - "Concerns about the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) remain a barrier to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation during antituberculosis treatment in co-infected patients. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	natalizumab (Tysabri)FDA Link 08/01/2012 - "Treatment with antiretroviral therapies in HIV-seropositive patients or discontinuing natalizumab in MS patients with PML may lead to the development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) which presents with deterioration of the previous symptoms and may lead to death. " 02/01/2012 - "Here, we describe pathological and radiological characteristics of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), which occurs in natalizumab-associated PML after the cessation of therapy, and we differentiate it from ongoing PML. " 02/01/2012 - "This case suggests that: (1) periodic brain MR scans may detect signs of presymptomatic PML in MS patients treated with natalizumab, (2) corticosteroid management of inflammatory reaction may contribute to optimal control of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome routinely seen with natalizumab-associated PML and (3) early radiological detection of PML can have an excellent outcome even in a clinically critical region and despite prior immunosuppressant exposure. " 01/31/2012 - "Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in natalizumab-associated PML." 01/03/2012 - "Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in natalizumab-associated PML." Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Prednisone (Sone)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2011 - "While on 5 mg of prednisone, he developed an inflammatory syndrome characterised by haemoptysis and respiratory distress, full work-up with pathology was consistent with immune reconstitution syndrome. " 09/24/2010 - "Randomized placebo-controlled trial of prednisone for paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome." 03/12/2008 - "Life-threatening exacerbation of Kaposi's sarcoma after prednisone treatment for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2010 - "In the current study the effects of immune modulation with sulfasalazine were evaluated in a mouse model of PcP-related Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (PcP-IRIS). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	AntigensIBA 11/01/2012 - "Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) includes all signs occurring during the reconstitution of an extensive and insufficiently regulated immune response to an infective or a non-infective antigen and observed during the immune suppression phase in an individual. " 12/01/2010 - "Viable or dying infective antigens, host antigens, tumoral antigens, and others may target immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, resulting in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. " 11/01/2010 - "This immune recovery may cause an inflammatory reaction to microbial and autoimmune antigens known as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. " 05/01/2008 - "The development and severity of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) was dependent on the antigen load at the time of immunosuppression and subsequent bacillary replication during corticosteroid-induced immunosuppression. " 01/01/2005 - "This paradoxical worsening is known as the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and it results from reconstitution of the immune system's ability to recognize pathogens/antigens in patients with prior OIs and low CD4+ T-cell counts. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) 01/01/2005 - "Since the advent of HAART, the prognosis for PML has much improved; however, a significant number of patients appear unresponsive to antiretrovirals and some worsen because of the development of immune reconstitution disease. " 11/01/2010 - "In the present study, HAART was associated with APRI increases over six months follow-up in HIV/HCV coinfected patients, suggesting that these may be experiencing cumulative hepatotoxicity and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after initiating antiretroviral drugs." 04/01/2005 - "This study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients coinfected with Cryptococcus neoformans found that 30% of patients who initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). " 01/01/2013 - "Highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients may trigger the onset of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). " 09/01/2012 - "IRIS (Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome) after HAART is common (10% to 25%) in PLHA. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Art Therapy 09/01/2012 - "The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a frequent early complication of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients with advanced HIV. " 08/01/2012 - "We monitored our cohort for possible cases of dissemination or immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. " 08/01/2012 - "An immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) may complicate immune restoration following start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. " 06/01/2012 - "We conducted a nested case-control study in a cohort of patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) to identify risk factors and common manifestations of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and to validate the Robertson criteria for IRIS prediction. " 06/01/2012 - "The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a consequence of an excessive pathogen-specific immune recovery reaction and occurs in a subset of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 11/01/2008 - "Recently, immune reconstitution syndrome has also been described in transplant recipients, although information is scarce because of its low incidence. " 10/27/2005 - "Allograft loss in renal transplant recipients with cryptococcus neoformans associated immune reconstitution syndrome." 07/15/2011 - "Opportunistic infection-associated immune reconstitution syndrome in transplant recipients." 06/01/2011 - "Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome mimicking relapsing cryptococcal meningitis in a renal transplant recipient." 02/01/2010 - "Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Aspergillus terreus pulmonary infection in an autologous stem cell transplant recipient." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Plasma Exchange 03/01/2012 - "We present a patient study through therapy, the diagnosis of PML (after 29 infusions), plasma exchange (PE) and development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). " 07/01/2012 - "Fortunately, rapid withdrawal of the drug and administration of plasma exchange has allowed survival in many of these patients, but a new problem, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), has emerged after drug withdrawal. " 09/10/2009 - "Approximately 3 weeks after plasma exchange, an immune-reconstitution inflammatory syndrome appeared. " 02/01/2012 - "Intravenous steroids started together with plasma exchanges followed by an oral tapering course were used to minimise the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. " 09/01/2010 - "Seven of the 13 patients demonstrated persistence of JCV DNA in the CSF even though all patients experienced immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), 11 patients had plasma exchange, and 2 had immunoabsorption. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Homologous Transplantation (Allograft) 10/27/2005 - "Allograft loss in renal transplant recipients with cryptococcus neoformans associated immune reconstitution syndrome." 12/01/2007 - "Cellulitis revealing a cryptococcosis-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a renal allograft recipient." 10/27/2005 - "This study describes the association of allograft loss and immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) in the course of Cryptococcosis neoformans infection in renal transplant recipients. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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