Allergic Fungal Sinusitis

Fungal infection in the PARANASAL SINUSES characterized by common allergy respiratory symptoms, recurrent NASAL POLYPS and/or ASTHMA with buildup of allergic MUCIN.

Also Known As:

Allergic Aspergillus Sinusitides; Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitides; Allergic Fungal Sinusitides; Aspergillus Sinusitis, Allergic; Fungal Rhinosinusitis, Allergic; Fungal Sinusitis, Allergic; Rhinosinusitis, Allergic Fungal; Sinusitides, Allergic Fungal; Sinusitis, Allergic Aspergillus; Sinusitis, Allergic Fungal; Allergic Aspergillus Sinusitis; Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis; Sphenoid Allergic Fungal Sinusitis

Networked: 245 relevant articles (10 outcomes, 23 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma)
2.	Rhinosinusitis
3.	Nasal Polyps (Nasal Polyp)
4.	Immediate Hypersensitivity
5.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy)

Experts

1.	Wise, Sarah K: 12 articles (11/2021 - 09/2008)
2.	Schlosser, Rodney J: 10 articles (05/2022 - 01/2005)
3.	Ferguson, Berrylin J: 9 articles (09/2014 - 06/2004)
4.	DelGaudio, John M: 5 articles (11/2021 - 01/2020)
5.	Levy, Joshua M: 5 articles (12/2020 - 01/2020)
6.	Bachert, Claus: 5 articles (12/2015 - 11/2006)
7.	Javer, Amin R: 5 articles (09/2015 - 05/2006)
8.	Mulligan, Ryan M: 5 articles (10/2012 - 09/2008)
9.	Harvey, Richard J: 4 articles (01/2018 - 07/2009)
10.	Slavin, Raymond G: 4 articles (01/2018 - 12/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Allergic Fungal Sinusitis:

1.	SteroidsIBA 11/01/1996 - "A review of more than 50 allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) patients indicates that most patients experience postoperative recurrences once weaned from oral steroids, leaving a glaring need for improved treatment. " 11/01/2019 - "To assess the incidence and recurrence of patients of allergic fungal sinusitis after administration of topical steroids for 24 months this is a cross-section study. " 02/01/2010 - "The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of postoperative oral steroid in controlling disease in patients with allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS). " 02/01/2010 - "A prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of postoperative oral steroid in allergic fungal sinusitis." 04/01/2009 - "Management of allergic fungal sinusitis with postoperative oral and nasal steroids: a controlled study."
2.	Itraconazole (Sporanox)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2015 - "This study investigated the efficacy of itraconazole given preoperatively for allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. " 07/01/2015 - "Efficacy of preoperative itraconazole in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis." 08/01/2017 - "Role of preoperative versus postoperative itraconazole in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis." 05/01/2009 - "It is hypothesized that itraconazole may similarly benefit patients with allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), a disease similar to ABPA. " 12/01/2008 - "Effectiveness of itraconazole in the management of refractory allergic fungal rhinosinusitis."
3.	Omalizumab (Xolair)FDA Link 01/01/2014 - "Novel treatment of allergic fungal sinusitis using omalizumab." 11/01/2021 - "In allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, oral and topical antifungals, antileukotrienes, allergen immunotherapy, and omalizumab are therapeutic options. " 09/01/2015 - "1. To assess the efficacy of omalizumab therapy in improving sinonasal outcomes in refractory allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) patients with moderate or severe asthma. " 09/01/2015 - "Omalizumab therapy for refractory allergic fungal rhinosinusitis patients with moderate or severe asthma." 01/01/2020 - "Omalizumab versus intranasal steroids in the post-operative management of patients with allergic fungal rhinosinusitis."
4.	MucinsIBA 04/01/2009 - "In patients with allergic fungal sinusitis, the mainstay of treatment remains surgical removal of allergic mucin and fungal debris. " 10/01/2016 - "The purpose of this study is to report a case of otopolyposis and middle ear allergic mucin in a patient with allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) and no history of middle ear disease and introduce these as possible otologic manifestations of the AFRS. " 01/01/2023 - "Allergic Mucin in Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis." 06/01/2021 - "The patients were categorised as having allergic fungal sinusitis when histopathology showed allergic mucin with fungal hyphae and culture was positive for fungal growth. " 01/01/2019 - "Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis was unilateral in 5 cases and bilateral in 1. Computed tomography revealed hyperdense areas representing allergic mucin, but no patient exhibited bone erosion. "
5.	Immunoglobulin E (IgE)IBA 04/19/2021 - "Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is an immunoglobulin E-mediated reaction to fungal organisms in the sinonasal region and can be categorized as acute or chronic. " 09/01/2008 - "The objectives of this prospective study were to analyze the specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) in maxillary sinus mucosa and to determine the importance of local tissue sIgE in the patients with allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS). " 09/01/2008 - "Tissue-specific immunoglobulin E in maxillary sinus mucosa of allergic fungal sinusitis." 03/01/2001 - "The results show that the characteristic macroscopic appearance, the maxillary sinus localization, and the presence of positive specific IgE to Aspergillus fumigatus are arguments that reinforce the diagnostic certitude of allergic fungal sinusitis. " 12/01/1995 - "Radioallergosorbent microscreen and total immunoglobulin E in allergic fungal sinusitis."
6.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 03/01/2005 - "Visual loss associated with allergic fungal sinusitis is most often treated with surgery followed by oral corticosteroids. " 03/01/2005 - "Response of visual loss in allergic fungal sinusitis to oral corticosteroids." 09/01/1998 - "Previous allergic fungal sinusitis case reports have speculated that oral corticosteroids might reduce the severity of disease and possibly forestall the high rate of recurrent sinus surgery. " 12/01/1994 - "A case of Allergic Fungal Sinusitis successfully controlled with oral corticosteroids followed by endoscopic sinus surgery is presented. " 04/01/2000 - "The role of surgery and anti-inflammatory therapy (such as corticosteroids) in the management of allergic fungal sinusitis is accepted fairly universally. "
7.	AllergensIBA 02/01/2010 - "This study investigated allergic fungal rhinosinusitis cases, and aimed to compare the detection of fungi in sinus aspirate by culture and by polymerase chain reaction assay, and to relate the presence of fungi in the nasal sinuses to the type of fungal allergen causing disease. " 08/01/2002 - "Sensitization to recombinant Aspergillus fumigatus allergens in allergic fungal sinusitis." 11/01/2011 - "Clinical trials of high-dose, traditional immunotherapy with fungal allergens for efficacy may proceed in patients with allergic fungal sinusitis without undue concern." 06/20/2018 - "Allergy to inhalant allergens of fungal spores of Alternaria and Penicillinum was confirmed in a 73-year-old patient, which, based on the whole clinical presentation, enabled to diagnose chronic allergic fungal sinusitis. " 04/01/2002 - "The treatment of fungal allergic reactions includes allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy, antifungal treatment (id reactions) and surgical treatment (allergic fungal rhinosinusitis). "
8.	Fungal AntigensIBA 12/23/2019 - "Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is a form of non-invasive FRS that affects patients with an abnormal immuno-mediated response to fungal antigens. " 04/01/2017 - "Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is due to the continuous exposure of fungal antigens to an atopic individual. " 02/01/2013 - "The pathogenesis of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is thought to represent an immunological reaction to fungal antigens. " 09/01/1999 - "An additional important finding was the sensitivity of patients with allergic fungal sinusitis to virtually every fungal antigen to which they were tested." 11/01/1998 - "Treatment of allergic fungal sinusitis: a comparison trial of postoperative immunotherapy with specific fungal antigens."
9.	Immunoglobulins (Immunoglobulin)IBA 06/01/2023 - "Immunoglobulin (Ig) E is central to the pathogenesis of allergic conditions, including allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. " 10/01/2003 - "Aspergillus spp. play a significant role in the etiology of immunoglobulin (Ig)E mediated allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS). " 10/01/2002 - "Our study goal was to study fungus-specific immunoglobulins G (sIgG) and E (sIgE) in polypoid rhinosinusitis with and without evidence of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFS). " 07/01/2006 - "Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), a subgroup of EMCRS characterized by the presence of fungal allergy, is proposed to be an immunoglobulin (Ig)E-driven disease, distinct from other EMCRS subgroups. " 07/01/2004 - "Immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated hypersensitivity to fungi has been postulated to explain allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS). "
10.	Coloring Agents (Dyes)IBA 01/01/2007 - "Culture and sensitivity / fungal stain proven 20 cases of allergic fungal sinusitis were selected for the study, irrespective of age and gender. " 09/01/2005 - "In the two patients without biofilm, a nonbacterial etiology was discovered (allergic fungal sinusitis) in one and in the other there was scant anaerobic growth on culture and the Gram stain was negative. " 07/01/1995 - "We proposed five diagnostic criteria for allergic fungal sinusitis including: (1) the demonstration of the characteristic eosinophil-rich allergic mucin visually or histopathologically, (2) a positive fungal stain or culture from the sinus at surgery, and (3) the absence of immunodeficiency or diabetes. " 05/01/2013 - "Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is a type of chronic rhinosinusitis in which patients classically exhibit nasal polyps, type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity, characteristic findings on computed tomography scans, eosinophilic mucin, and positive fungal stain. " 05/01/2013 - "Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is a type of chronic rhinosinusitis in which patients classically exhibit nasal polyps, type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity, characteristic findings on computed tomography scans, eosinophilic mucin, and positive fungal stain. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 12/01/2007 - "Antifungal therapy has not proven to be beneficial in allergic fungal sinusitis. " 01/01/2018 - "All randomised, placebo-controlled trials considering the use of topical or systemic antifungal therapy in the treatment of CRS and allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS). " 08/10/2011 - "All randomised, placebo-controlled trials considering the use of topical or systemic antifungal therapy in the treatment of CRS and allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS). " 08/01/2011 - "The role of antifungal therapy in the prevention of recurrent allergic fungal rhinosinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized, controlled study." 11/01/1998 - "In this comparison study, 22 patients meeting the diagnostic criteria of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) were evaluated after a mean of 33 months' therapy. "
2.	Immunotherapy 05/01/2010 - "Allergic fungal sinusitis was recently further classified using a radiologic staging system and was proven to have symptomatic improvement with the concomitant use of surgery and immunotherapy. " 11/01/2023 - "The use of immunotherapy as an adjunct treatment for allergic fungal sinusitis is briefly reviewed, but controlled trials are lacking. " 08/01/2013 - "Randomized controlled trials need to be performed to confirm the benefit of immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. " 10/01/1997 - "Nevertheless, an even longer period of study will be necessary to provide the final answer regarding the role of immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic fungal sinusitis." 02/01/2015 - "Role of immunotherapy in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis."
3.	Debridement 02/01/1999 - "Differentiation from invasive forms of fungal sinus disease is crucial, because systemic antifungal medication and extensive surgical tissue debridement are not required in allergic fungal sinusitis. " 04/01/2006 - "Surgical debridement was the principal mode of therapy for allergic fungal sinusitis. " 06/28/2023 - "Currently, the mainstay of treatment for allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is surgical debridement along with topical or systemic steroids. " 12/01/1997 - "Unlike invasive forms of mycotic disease, allergic fungal sinusitis may be managed adequately with surgical debridement, aeration of the involved sinuses, and systemic and topical corticosteroids." 06/01/2002 - "Treatment of allergic fungal sinusitis remains controversial, but most current management regimens utilize surgical debridement combined with corticosteroid therapy, rather than antifungal agents."
4.	Duration of Therapy 04/01/2009 - "The results of our study strongly support the use of steroids to control allergic fungal sinusitis and prevent its recurrence, and we recommend further study to identify the optimal dosage and duration of therapy."
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 11/05/2023 - "Factors Impacting Follow-Up Care in Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis." 02/01/2020 - "Bony orbital changes in allergic fungal sinusitis are reversible after treatment."