Venom Hypersensitivity

Allergic reaction to venoms in insect bites and stings that is triggered by the immune system (i.e., HISTAMINE RELEASE).

Also Known As:

Allergy, Arthropod Venom; Allergy, Bee Sting; Allergy, Honeybee Venom; Allergy, Hornet Sting; Allergy, Insect Sting; Allergy, Insect Venom; Allergy, Jellyfish Sting; Allergy, Wasp Sting; Anaphylaxis, Bee Sting; Arthropod Venom Allergies; Arthropod Venom Hypersensitivities; Bee Sting Allergies; Bee Sting Hypersensitivities; Honeybee Venom Allergies; Hornet Sting Allergies; Hornet Sting Hypersensitivities; Hypersensitivity, Arthropod Venom; Hypersensitivity, Bee Sting; Hypersensitivity, Hornet Sting; Hypersensitivity, Jellyfish Sting; Hypersensitivity, Wasp Sting; Insect Sting Allergies; Insect Venom Allergies; Jellyfish Sting Allergies; Jellyfish Sting Hypersensitivities; Sting Allergies, Jellyfish; Sting Allergy, Bee; Sting Allergy, Hornet; Sting Allergy, Insect; Sting Allergy, Jellyfish; Sting Allergy, Wasp; Sting Anaphylaxis, Bee; Sting Hypersensitivity, Bee; Sting Hypersensitivity, Hornet; Sting Hypersensitivity, Jellyfish; Sting Hypersensitivity, Wasp; Venom Allergies; Venom Allergy, Arthropod; Venom Allergy, Honeybee; Venom Allergy, Insect; Venom Hypersensitivities; Venom Hypersensitivity, Arthropod; Wasp Sting Allergies; Wasp Sting Hypersensitivities; Allergy, Venom; Arthropod Venom Allergy; Arthropod Venom Hypersensitivity; Bee Sting Allergy; Bee Sting Anaphylaxis; Bee Sting Hypersensitivity; Fire Ant Sting Allergy; Fire Ant Sting Hypersensitivity; Honeybee Venom Allergy; Hornet Sting Allergy; Hornet Sting Hypersensitivity; Hypersensitivity, Venom; Insect Bite Papular Urticaria; Insect Sting Allergy; Insect Venom Allergy; Jellyfish Sting Allergy; Jellyfish Sting Hypersensitivity; Venom Allergy; Wasp Sting Allergy; Wasp Sting Hypersensitivity

Networked: 250 relevant articles (18 outcomes, 19 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Immune System Diseases: 4321
- Hypersensitivity: 76867
  - Immediate Hypersensitivity: 2249
    - Venom Hypersensitivity: 250

Related Diseases

1.	Allergic Rhinitis
2.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma)
3.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy)
4.	Food Hypersensitivity (Food Allergy)
5.	Insect Bites and Stings (Insect Bite)

Experts

1.	Blank, Simon: 9 articles (01/2020 - 01/2010)
2.	Jakob, Thilo: 7 articles (01/2020 - 05/2014)
3.	Ollert, Markus: 6 articles (01/2020 - 01/2010)
4.	Spillner, Edzard: 6 articles (01/2020 - 04/2006)
5.	Schmidt-Weber, Carsten B: 5 articles (01/2020 - 10/2017)
6.	Ruëff, F: 5 articles (01/2019 - 06/2004)
7.	Nittner-Marszalska, Marita: 4 articles (03/2022 - 07/2004)
8.	Bilò, Maria Beatrice: 4 articles (10/2021 - 01/2020)
9.	Bonadonna, Patrizia: 4 articles (10/2021 - 08/2010)
10.	Golden, David B K: 4 articles (01/2021 - 02/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Venom Hypersensitivity:

1.	AllergensIBA 09/14/2022 - "Diagnosis of Apis dorsata venom allergy: use of recombinant allergens of Apis mellifera and a passive basophil activation test." 04/19/2022 - "Api m 6 and Api m 10 as Major Allergens in Patients With Honeybee Venom Allergy." 05/01/2020 - "The recombinant form of this allergen (rPoly p 1) could be used for the development of molecular diagnostic of venom allergy. " 01/01/2020 - "dominula and Vespula spp. venom allergy is probably insufficient and that strategies using cross-reactive major allergens could be more promising." 01/01/2019 - "We hypothesized that CD16 is differentially expressed on the surface of basophils in patients with birch pollen or insect venom allergy and is subject to a regulation in response to allergens. "
2.	VenomsIBA 01/01/2007 - "In 31 of those patients, BAT was positive only for the suspected venom and helped to establish diagnosis of wasp and honeybee venom allergy in 28 and 3 patients, respectively. " 10/17/2012 - "Randomised controlled trials of venom immunotherapy using standardised venom extract in insect sting allergy. " 08/01/1999 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of insect sting allergy and the venom sensitization in a rural population to three Hymenoptera previously found in the area: Polistes dominulus (Pd), Vespula germanica (Vg) and honey bee (Hb). " 11/01/2018 - "In recent years there has been concerns about adequate supplies of venom for appropriate diagnosis and treatment of venom allergy, but these concerns seem to have stabilized, with the movement to a single venom supplier. " 09/01/2017 - "To explore the natural course of YJ venom allergy and the diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic consequence of YJ venom sIgE in patients with ISM. "
3.	Arthropod VenomsIBA 09/01/2006 - "Beekeepers are at increased risk for honeybee (Hb) venom allergy and they represent a unique population for Hymenoptera venom studies. " 01/01/2019 - "Only 1 out of 26 patients with positive sIgE to CCD and hymenoptera venom developed honeybee venom allergy after a median follow-up of 166 months. " 01/01/2010 - "Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy (VIT) is a safe and effective approach to insect sting allergy. " 01/01/2005 - "Specific immunotherapy for hymenoptera venom allergy (venom immunotherapy [VIT]) is safe and effective. " 12/01/2018 - "Background Insect venom immunotherapy (VIT) is used to protect patients against Hymenoptera insects' venom allergy (HVA), which can result in severe systemic or even life-threatening conditions. "
4.	Phospholipases A2 (Phospholipase A2)IBA 01/01/2016 - "Efficacy of a therapeutic treatment using gas-filled microbubble-associated phospholipase A2 in a mouse model of honeybee venom allergy." 01/01/2016 - "In the search for novel approaches to blunt the overwhelming pro-allergic Th2 response, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a treatment based on a denatured form of the major allergen, phospholipase A2, associated with microbubbles (PLA2denat -MB) in a mouse model of honeybee venom allergy. " 01/01/2016 - "In this study, we evaluated in a mouse model of honeybee venom allergy the protection induced by the prophylactic use of the major allergen phospholipase A2 (PLA2) associated with microbubbles (MB). " 08/01/1997 - "We therefore decided to study honey bee venom (BV) and its major allergen phospholipase A2 (PLA) in native and recombinant form for diagnosis of bee sting allergy. " 10/01/1996 - "Bee venom phospholipase A2 (PLA) is the major allergen in bee sting allergy. "
5.	Immunoglobulin E (IgE)IBA 01/01/2016 - "The use of sIgE/T-IgE results is a useful diagnostic parameter in determining honeybee venom allergy." 01/01/2016 - "Use of sIgE/T-IgE in Predicting Systemic Reactions: Retrospective Analysis of 54 Honeybee Venom Allergy Cases in North China." 01/29/2013 - "Envenomation of mammalian species leads to an acute inflammatory response and can lead to the development of IgE-dependent venom allergy. " 03/15/2008 - "The aim of this work was to investigate the prevalence and predictors of venom allergy among workers exposed to BJV and to confirm the involvement of IgE-mediated mechanisms in this condition. " 01/01/2007 - "In about half the patients with diagnosis of venom allergy, unequivocal specific IgE and VST results are obtained and additional tests are not needed. "
6.	Wasp Venoms (Venom, Wasp)IBA 01/01/2011 - "Wasp venom allergy is the most common insect venom allergy in Europe. " 12/01/2016 - "Molecular diagnosis with recombinant single allergens from bee and wasp venom components improves the diagnostics of insect venom allergies, particularly in patients with double-positive extract-based test results. " 01/01/2018 - "We found one economic modelling study for venom allergy which, despite being based largely on expert opinion and plausible assumptions, suggested that AIT for bee and wasp venom allergy is only likely to be cost-effective for very high-risk groups who may be exposed to multiple exposures to venom/year (eg bee keepers). " 10/01/2020 - "Other risk factors are higher age, vespid venom allergy (in contrast to honeybee venom allergy), repeated stings, male sex, and treatment with ACE inhibitors. " 01/01/2016 - "We have previously shown that circulating CD1a-reactive T cells recognize neolipid antigens generated by bee and wasp venom phospholipase, and here tested the hypothesis that venom-responsive CD1a-reactive T cells associate with venom allergy. "
7.	Phospholipases (Phospholipase)IBA 01/01/2016 - "Prophylactic immunization of mice with phospholipase A2-loaded gas-filled microbubbles is protective against Th2-mediated honeybee venom allergy." 01/01/2010 - "Component-resolved diagnosis with antigen 5 and phospholipase would detect virtually all patients with yellow jacket venom allergy." 01/01/1979 - "Measurements of IgG antibody to phospholipase A were seldom available for the period immediately preceding an anaphylactic episode and proved to be a poor means of predicting the liability to bee sting anaphylaxis in subsequent months." 10/31/2021 - "Further blood test for immunological parameters: serum BV-specific IgE (BV sIgE), phospholipase A2-specific IgE (Api m1 sIgE), and BV-specific IgG4 (BV sIgG4) were compared between non-allergic beekeepers, patients with a history of bee sting anaphylaxis and the non-allergic control group. " 01/01/2016 - "We have previously shown that circulating CD1a-reactive T cells recognize neolipid antigens generated by bee and wasp venom phospholipase, and here tested the hypothesis that venom-responsive CD1a-reactive T cells associate with venom allergy. "
8.	Omalizumab (Xolair)FDA Link 01/01/2019 - "Omalizumab has shown efficacy in protecting patients from VIT-related SRs, particularly in those at high risk of SRs because of mast cell disorders and/or honeybee venom allergy. " 12/01/2021 - "Omalizumab in conjunction with immunotherapy has shown promising results for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, venom hypersensitivity, and food allergy, especially in the reduction of adverse events. " 12/01/2019 - "There are reports indicating benefit from omalizumab in managing food allergies, nasal polyp formation, essential anaphylaxis, AR, venom allergy and eczema. " 01/01/2018 - "Although omalizumab (anti-IgE) is currently only approved for the treatment of asthma and chronic idiopathic urticaria, it has also been studied as an off-label treatment for numerous allergic conditions, including use as an adjunct to allergen immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, asthma, venom hypersensitivity and food allergy. "
9.	Bee Venoms (Bee Venom)IBA 01/01/2023 - "This study shows that bee venom ILIT has a cost-benefit potential for health insurances and patients, which should encourage further ILIT studies and which should be taken into account when considering future implementation of ILIT in the standard care of venom allergy." 04/01/2018 - "Considering the occupational exposure to bee venom and thus higher risk, the awareness of venom allergy in this high risk population was low, and they were poorly informed about the treatment options." 01/01/2016 - "Retrospective review of honeybee venom allergy versus nonallergy patients presented with positive honeybee venom (i1) sIgE results. " 08/01/1979 - "(3) Both with skin tests and the RAST with bee venom a good discrimination between patients with bee sting hypersensitivity and non-allergic controls is observed. " 02/24/1979 - "Desensitization of patients with bee sting allergy using pure bee venom."
10.	Tryptases (Tryptase)IBA 03/01/2013 - "The importance of serum basal tryptase (sBT) levels on patients with venom allergy is highlighted in recent adulthood studies. " 01/01/2019 - "Conclusion: Baseline serum tryptase levels were a risk factor for the development of severe systemic reactions in venom allergy. " 03/01/2013 - "Importance of serum basal tryptase levels in children with insect venom allergy." 11/01/2010 - "Serum tryptase measurement should, therefore, be included into routine diagnostics of venom allergy. " 01/01/2021 - "Elevated serum tryptase (and possible mastocytosis) occurs in 10% of patients with insect sting allergy, and in 25% of those with hypotensive reactions. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Immunotherapy 01/01/2023 - "Vespa velutina nigrithorax venom allergy: inhibition studies approach for the choice of specific immunotherapy." 05/01/2004 - "In vitro testing to diagnose venom allergy and monitor immunotherapy: a placebo-controlled, crossover trial." 05/01/2015 - "When can immunotherapy for insect sting allergy be stopped?" 09/01/2009 - "Debilitating beliefs and emotional distress in patients given immunotherapy for insect sting allergy: a prospective study." 08/01/2007 - "Sublingual (s.l.) immunotherapy has in the last decade emerged as an effective approach to desensitize patients with pollen, food and insect sting allergies. "
2.	Therapeutics 07/01/2020 - "Scientific knowledge about the natural history, risk factors, and optimal therapy for insect sting allergies has improved considerably in recent years." 03/01/1989 - "The epidemiology and natural history of insect venom allergy is emerging in the past decade and has clarified the reasons for the false perceptions that whole body extracts of the insects were considered effective for therapy. " 12/03/1977 - "[Significance of serological studies in the diagnosis and therapy of insect-sting allergy]." 03/17/2022 - "Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is the only efficient therapy for the Hymenoptera insect venom allergy. " 01/01/2019 - "Therefore, immediate and proper diagnosis of venom allergy and implementation of suitable therapy are extremely important. "
3.	Microbubbles 01/01/2016 - "Efficacy of a therapeutic treatment using gas-filled microbubble-associated phospholipase A2 in a mouse model of honeybee venom allergy." 01/01/2016 - "Prophylactic immunization of mice with phospholipase A2-loaded gas-filled microbubbles is protective against Th2-mediated honeybee venom allergy." 01/01/2016 - "In the search for novel approaches to blunt the overwhelming pro-allergic Th2 response, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a treatment based on a denatured form of the major allergen, phospholipase A2, associated with microbubbles (PLA2denat -MB) in a mouse model of honeybee venom allergy. " 01/01/2016 - "In this study, we evaluated in a mouse model of honeybee venom allergy the protection induced by the prophylactic use of the major allergen phospholipase A2 (PLA2) associated with microbubbles (MB). "
4.	Tonsillectomy 10/01/2018 - "A survey investigating the history of adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy was administered to patients that were followed-up by our department between January and June 2014 with the diagnosis of asthma, allergic rhinitis, urticaria-angioedema, drug allergy, food allergy, and venom allergy; patients willing to participate were included in the study. "
5.	Adenoidectomy 10/01/2018 - "A survey investigating the history of adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy was administered to patients that were followed-up by our department between January and June 2014 with the diagnosis of asthma, allergic rhinitis, urticaria-angioedema, drug allergy, food allergy, and venom allergy; patients willing to participate were included in the study. "