Post-Lyme Disease Syndrome

A condition caused by long-lasting and ongoing infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi resulting in progressive inflammatory neurologic, neuromuscular, and dermatologic manifestations including ENCEPHALITIS; MYELITIS; acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans; and ARTHRITIS.

Also Known As:

Chronic Lyme Disease; Post Lyme Disease Syndrome; Post-Treatment Lyme Disease; Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome; Lyme Disease, Chronic; Lyme Disease, Post-Treatment; Post Treatment Lyme Disease; Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome; Post-Lyme Disease Syndromes; Syndrome, Post-Lyme Disease; Syndromes, Post-Lyme Disease

Networked: 130 relevant articles (15 outcomes, 15 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Post-Lyme Disease Syndrome
2.	Lyme Disease (Disease, Lyme)
3.	Coinfection
4.	Infections
5.	Fatigue

Experts

1.	Wormser, Gary P: 9 articles (10/2021 - 06/2009)
2.	Aucott, John N: 6 articles (03/2022 - 12/2018)
3.	Rebman, Alison W: 6 articles (03/2022 - 12/2018)
4.	Feng, Jie: 6 articles (01/2019 - 07/2014)
5.	Zhang, Ying: 6 articles (01/2019 - 07/2014)
6.	Shi, Wanliang: 5 articles (01/2019 - 07/2014)
7.	Alaedini, Armin: 5 articles (01/2018 - 09/2004)
8.	Fallon, Brian A: 4 articles (02/2020 - 02/2011)
9.	Joosten, Leo A B: 4 articles (04/2019 - 01/2011)
10.	Marques, Adriana: 4 articles (01/2019 - 06/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Post-Lyme Disease Syndrome:

1.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 03/28/2023 - "Although most cases of LB can be cured with a course of antibiotics, some children can present prolonged symptoms, which may constitute post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). " 01/01/2019 - "Although appropriate antibiotic treatment is effective for most cases, up to 20% of patients develop post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). " 03/22/2017 - "Although the majority of Lyme patients can be cured with the standard two- to four-week antibiotic treatment, at least 10%-20% of patients continue to suffer from prolonged post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). " 09/16/2015 - "Although the majority of Lyme patients can be cured with standard 2-4 week antibiotic treatment, 10%-20% of patients continue to suffer from prolonged post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). " 10/17/2006 - "Applying the findings to target populations with characteristics that differ from those included in these trials is inappropriate and may limit options for chronic Lyme disease patients who might benefit from antibiotic treatment."
2.	Dapsone FDA Link 01/01/2019 - "Precision medicine: retrospective chart review and data analysis of 200 patients on dapsone combination therapy for chronic Lyme disease/post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome: part 1." 07/07/2022 - "Efficacy of Short-Term High Dose Pulsed Dapsone Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Lyme Disease/Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS) and Associated Co-Infections: A Report of Three Cases and Literature Review." 10/22/2020 - "Efficacy of Double-Dose Dapsone Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Lyme Disease/Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS) and Associated Co-infections: A Report of Three Cases and Retrospective Chart Review." 09/12/2023 - "Comparison of the Efficacy of Longer versus Shorter Pulsed High Dose Dapsone Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Lyme Disease/Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome with Bartonellosis and Associated Coinfections." 10/22/2020 - "In conclusion, double-dose dapsone therapy could represent a novel and effective anti-infective strategy in chronic Lyme disease/ post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS), especially in those individuals who have failed regular dose dapsone combination therapy (DDS CT) or standard antibiotic protocols. "
3.	Doxycycline (Periostat)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2023 - "While the treatment of its early and late stages is relatively simple with 10-14 day and four-week courses of doxycycline, respectively, the main problem rests in the understanding of the etiology and pathology of post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). " 07/20/2016 - "This case highlights the unique clinical expression of chronic Lyme disease and the Jarisch-Herxheimer response to doxycycline. " 07/20/2016 - "Unique expression of chronic Lyme disease and Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction to doxycycline therapy in a young adult." 01/01/2016 - "While the causes for this post-treatment Lyme disease symptoms are unclear, one possibility is due to Borrelia burgdorferi persisters that are not effectively killed by current antibiotics such as doxycycline or amoxicillin used to treat Lyme disease. " 01/01/2015 - "Although most Lyme disease patients can be cured with antibiotics doxycycline or amoxicillin using 2-4 week treatment durations, some patients suffer from persistent arthritis or post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome. "
4.	Amoxicillin (Wymox)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2016 - "While the causes for this post-treatment Lyme disease symptoms are unclear, one possibility is due to Borrelia burgdorferi persisters that are not effectively killed by current antibiotics such as doxycycline or amoxicillin used to treat Lyme disease. " 01/01/2015 - "Although most Lyme disease patients can be cured with antibiotics doxycycline or amoxicillin using 2-4 week treatment durations, some patients suffer from persistent arthritis or post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome. " 06/01/2009 - "Although Lyme disease can be effectively treated with doxycycline, amoxicillin and cefuroxime axetil, discovery of novel drugs will benefit the patients intolerant to these drugs and potentially those suffering from chronic Lyme disease that is refractory to these agents and to macrolides. "
5.	Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD)IBA 10/22/2020 - "A randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial is warranted to evaluate the efficacy of DDD CT in those individuals with chronic Lyme disease/PTLDS."
6.	AntigensIBA 10/01/1996 - "Electron microscopy adds further evidence for persistence of spirochetal antigens in the joint in chronic Lyme disease. " 10/01/1996 - "Ultrastructural demonstration of spirochetal antigens in synovial fluid and synovial membrane in chronic Lyme disease: possible factors contributing to persistence of organisms." 01/01/2018 - "These findings support the notion that chronic Lyme disease symptoms can be attributable to residual inflammation in and around tissues that harbor a low burden of persistent host-adapted spirochetes and/or residual antigen." 01/01/2014 - "Because of the absence of solid evidence on prevalence, causes, diagnostic criteria, tools and treatment options, the role of autoimmunity to residual or persisting antigens, and the role of a toxin or other bacterial-associated products that are responsible for the symptoms and signs, chronic Lyme disease (CLD) remains a relatively poorly understood chronic disease construct. " 01/01/2001 - "Future improvements in the care of patients with Lyme disease should focus on identifying the etiology and most effective therapies for patients with posttreatment chronic Lyme disease syndrome, determining the safety and efficacy of vaccination in children, and developing second generation vaccines with improved efficacy and dosing schedules, possibly through the addition of antigens expressed in the human host."
7.	MacrolidesIBA 11/01/2003 - "Macrolide therapy of chronic Lyme Disease." 11/01/2003 - "These results support the hypothesis that the Lyme borrelia reside in an acidic endosome and that the use of a lysosomotropic agent augments the clinical activity of macrolide antibiotics in the treatment of patients with chronic Lyme Disease. " 06/01/2009 - "Although Lyme disease can be effectively treated with doxycycline, amoxicillin and cefuroxime axetil, discovery of novel drugs will benefit the patients intolerant to these drugs and potentially those suffering from chronic Lyme disease that is refractory to these agents and to macrolides. " 11/01/2003 - "235 patients with a multi-symptom complex typical of chronic Lyme disease, ie fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and neurocognitive dysfunction and with serologic reactivity against B.burgdorferi were treated with a macrolide antibiotic (eg clarithromycin) and hydroxychloroquine. "
8.	VaccinesIBA 01/01/2001 - "Future improvements in the care of patients with Lyme disease should focus on identifying the etiology and most effective therapies for patients with posttreatment chronic Lyme disease syndrome, determining the safety and efficacy of vaccination in children, and developing second generation vaccines with improved efficacy and dosing schedules, possibly through the addition of antigens expressed in the human host."
9.	SulfonesIBA 01/01/2019 - "We collected data from an online survey of 200 of our patients, which evaluated the efficacy of dapsone (diaminodiphenyl sulfone, ie, DDS) combined with other antibiotics and agents that disrupt biofilms for the treatment of chronic Lyme disease/post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). "
10.	cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2009 - "Although Lyme disease can be effectively treated with doxycycline, amoxicillin and cefuroxime axetil, discovery of novel drugs will benefit the patients intolerant to these drugs and potentially those suffering from chronic Lyme disease that is refractory to these agents and to macrolides. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 08/01/2004 - "The present study evaluated the C(6) test as a predictor of therapy outcome in a population of patients with post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome. " 03/18/2021 - "Herein, we will discuss a case of persistent neurological deficits as a result of chronic Lyme disease resistant to standard therapy. " 05/01/2018 - "Although, the term 'Chronic Lyme Disease' has been assigned to many patients with a variety of unexplained symptoms, experts in the field question the validity of this diagnosis and warn against prolonged unproven antimicrobial therapies. " 05/01/2014 - "Four major themes emerged from participants' descriptions of their experiences and perceptions: 1) changes in health status and the social impact of chronic Lyme disease, 2) doubts about recovery and the future, 3) contrasting doctor-patient relationships, 4) and the use of unconventional therapies to treat chronic Lyme disease. " 12/01/2007 - "None of the patients had clinical or laboratory signs of chronic Lyme disease activity two and four years following therapy, respectively. "
2.	Treatment Delay 01/01/2020 - "We conducted a population-based study to evaluate factors associated with delayed treatment of Lyme disease and the relation between delayed treatment and post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). "
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 04/01/2022 - "Resolution of objective signs at 3 months after treatment initiation occurred in 265 (99%) of 267 patients, whereas post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome was observed in 27 patients (10%) with increasing incidence over time (2004-2013: 3/65 [5%]; 2014-2015: 4/73 [5%]; 2016-2017: 20/129 [16%]; p = 0.02). " 12/30/2019 - "His symptoms failed to completely resolve after treatment, and he was diagnosed with post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS) due to ongoing symptoms which lasted for more than six months after treatment. " 03/01/2022 - "Post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD) is characterized by patient-reported symptoms after treatment for Borrelia burgdorferi infection. " 01/01/2019 - "Conclusions and Relevance: The GSQ-30 is a valid and reliable instrument to assess symptom burden among patients with acute and post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome and is sensitive in the detection of change after treatment among patients with erythema migrans. " 08/01/2015 - "This term is used for disparate patient groups, including those who have untreated late-stage infection (for example, late neuroborreliosis), those with subjective symptoms that persist after treatment (termed 'post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome' [PTLDS]), and those with unexplained subjective complaints that may or may not be accompanied by positive test results for B. "
4.	Catheters 10/01/2000 - "The catheter had been in place for 28 months for administration of a 27 month course of intravenous cefotaxime for an unsubstantiated diagnosis of chronic Lyme disease." 03/01/2021 - "Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter-Associated Nocardia nova Endocarditis in a Patient Receiving Intravenous Antibiotics for Chronic Lyme Disease."
5.	Precision Medicine 11/05/2018 - "Precision Medicine: The Role of the MSIDS Model in Defining, Diagnosing, and Treating Chronic Lyme Disease/Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome and Other Chronic Illness: Part 2." 01/01/2019 - "Precision medicine: retrospective chart review and data analysis of 200 patients on dapsone combination therapy for chronic Lyme disease/post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome: part 1."