Autism Spectrum Disorder

Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)

Also Known As:

Networked: 6374 relevant articles (242 outcomes, 1119 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
2.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox)
3.	Autistic Disorder (Autism)
4.	Mental Disorders (Mental Disorder)
5.	Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders (Insomnia)

Experts

1.	Bjørklund, Geir: 37 articles (04/2021 - 10/2014)
2.	Croen, Lisa A: 33 articles (06/2022 - 09/2006)
3.	McDougle, Christopher J: 32 articles (06/2022 - 07/2010)
4.	Buitelaar, Jan K: 32 articles (01/2021 - 12/2002)
5.	Hertz-Picciotto, Irva: 31 articles (06/2022 - 11/2009)
6.	Frye, Richard E: 30 articles (04/2022 - 07/2010)
7.	Ashwood, Paul: 30 articles (02/2022 - 06/2007)
8.	Hollander, Eric: 30 articles (01/2022 - 01/2003)
9.	Van de Water, Judy: 29 articles (01/2022 - 06/2007)
10.	Anagnostou, Evdokia: 28 articles (01/2022 - 04/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Autism Spectrum Disorder:

1.	Oxytocin (Pitocin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2003 - "Patients with autism spectrum disorders showed a significant reduction in repetitive behaviors following oxytocin infusion in comparison to placebo infusion. " 01/01/2018 - "Intranasal oxytocin (OT) has been shown to improve social communication functioning of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and, thus, has received considerable interest as a potential ASD therapeutic agent. " 01/01/2021 - "Oxytocin is expected as a novel therapeutic agent for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) core symptoms. " 01/01/2020 - "Some studies have reported improvement in social symptoms following oxytocin treatment in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), while others point to endogenous factors influencing its efficiency and to mixed results in terms of long-term clinical benefits. " 11/01/2017 - "Recent studies have reported that oxytocin ameliorates behavioral abnormalities in both animal models and individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). "
2.	MelatoninIBA 10/14/2013 - "In conclusion, we emphasize that randomized clinical trials in autism spectrum disorders are warranted to establish potential therapeutic efficacy of melatonin for social communication impairments and stereotyped behaviors or interests. " 11/11/2023 - "Previous studies have demonstrated that physical exercise can modulate the endogenous melatonin level in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and improve their sleep quality. " 01/01/2022 - "Previous study showed that both melatonin supplement and physical exercise intervention could improve sleep quality in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with the increase in endogenous melatonin level. " 01/01/2022 - "Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of physical exercise and melatonin supplement on treating sleep disturbance in children with autism spectrum disorders." 01/01/2022 - "Role of melatonin in autism spectrum disorders in a male murine transgenic model: Study in the prefrontal cortex."
3.	Risperidone (Risperdal Consta)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2018 - "Various clinical trials suggested that risperidone was beneficial in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children and adolescents. " 11/01/2015 - "Study 1: Between April 2004 and September 2007, participants were enrolled from outpatient settings in a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of risperidone monotherapy to the combination of risperidone and behavior therapy in targeting disruptive behavior in 4- to 13-year-old children with DSM-IV-TR-based autism spectrum disorder. " 07/01/2012 - "Efficacy of risperidone in managing maladaptive behaviors for children with autistic spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis." 04/01/2023 - "This study aimed to obtain the profile of efficacy and tolerance of risperidone in the treatment of people with autism spectrum disorder. " 01/30/2018 - "Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined risperidone (RIS) and pivotal response treatment (PRT) on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). "
4.	Bumetanide (Bumex)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2023 - "The efficacy of bumetanide (oral liquid formulation 0.5 mg bid) as a treatment for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents aged 7-17 years is being investigated in an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study. " 01/01/2021 - "Improved symptoms following bumetanide treatment in children aged 3-6 years with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial." 01/31/2014 - "Although our results were limited to a single case report, we believe that our clinical observations warrant clinical trials to test the long-term efficacy of bumetanide to manage the sensory behaviours of people with autism spectrum disorders. " 01/01/2022 - "Nanoformulated Bumetanide Ameliorates Social Deficiency in BTBR Mice Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder." 10/01/2023 - "A Phase III Study of Bumetanide Oral Liquid Formulation for the Treatment of Children and Adolescents Aged Between 7 and 17 Years with Autism Spectrum Disorder (SIGN 1 Trial): Participant Baseline Characteristics."
5.	Caseins (Casein)FDA Link 01/01/2022 - "A systematic review and meta-analysis of the benefits of a gluten-free diet and/or casein-free diet for children with autism spectrum disorder." 05/01/2008 - "Bone development, casein-free diet use, supplements, and medications were assessed for 75 boys with autism or autism spectrum disorder, ages 4-8 years. " 10/01/2020 - "Gluten-Free Casein-Free Diet for Autism Spectrum Disorders: Can It Be Effective in Solving Behavioural and Gastrointestinal Problems?" 01/01/2019 - "All randomised controlled trials (RCT) involving programmes which eliminated gluten, casein or both gluten and casein from the diets of individuals diagnosed with an autistic spectrum disorder. " 04/16/2008 - "All randomised controlled trials (RCT) involving programmes which eliminated gluten, casein or both gluten and casein from the diets of individuals diagnosed with an autistic spectrum disorder. "
6.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 06/01/2012 - "Promise for finding brain biomarkers among infants at high familial risk for developing autism spectrum disorders." 04/01/2023 - "Finding the biomarkers associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is helpful for understanding the underlying roots of the disorder and can lead to earlier diagnosis and more targeted treatments. " 01/01/2019 - "The identification of an early biomarker for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) would improve the determination of risk, leading to earlier diagnosis and, potentially, earlier intervention and improved outcomes. " 01/01/2018 - "Moreover, biomarkers that measure early structural and functional connectivity, visual orienting, and other biological processes have shown promise in detecting the risk of autism spectrum disorder even before the emergence of overt behavioral symptoms. " 09/01/2017 - "Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has helped characterize the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and carries promise for producing objective biomarkers for ASD. "
7.	Antipsychotic Agents (Antipsychotics)IBA 01/01/2018 - "Randomized controlled trials have evaluated the efficacy of antipsychotics in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and disruptive behavior disorders (DBD). " 08/04/2023 - "Randomised controlled trials of antipsychotics for people with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and a meta-analysis." 11/01/2022 - "Antipsychotic Medication and Risk of Incident Seizure in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Analyses with Cohort and Within Individual Study Designs." 01/01/2017 - "The purpose of this study was to explore the use of multiple antipsychotic medications in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by reviewing the longitudinal medication management of 1100 patients consecutively treated for behavioral symptoms associated with ASD at a tertiary care specialty clinic. " 06/01/2010 - "The use of antipsychotic medications to treat aggression in youths with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is based on open-label trials and efficacy studies. "
8.	Glutens (Glutelin)IBA 02/09/2021 - "Gluten and Autism Spectrum Disorder." 09/01/2020 - "Measures of gluten-related reactivity in children with autism spectrum disorders in the absence of overt gastrointestinal symptoms: a pilot study from the United Arab Emirates." 01/01/2019 - "A correlation between autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and gastrointestinal (GI) problems, and a possible link between gluten consumption and ASD have been increasingly reported. " 02/01/2018 - "There is evidence that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) display an increased immune reactivity against gluten, which is supposed to be the effect of intestinal barrier abnormalities. " 05/01/2015 - "Are 'leaky gut' and behavior associated with gluten and dairy containing diet in children with autism spectrum disorders?"
9.	Aripiprazole (Abilify)FDA Link 01/01/2018 - "Recent randomized controlled trials indicated that aripiprazole was the effective treatment for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). " 10/01/2023 - "This study assessed the population pharmacokinetics of aripiprazole and its active metabolite and investigated the relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and behavioural problems. " 01/01/2021 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the post-marketing safety and effectiveness of aripiprazole in treating irritability in pediatric patients (6-17 years) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in actual clinical sites of Japan. " 02/01/2018 - "In this open-label extension study, patients who had completed a previous randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 8-week study were enrolled and were flexibly dosed with aripiprazole (1-15 mg/day) until the new indication of irritability in pediatric autism spectrum disorder was approved in Japan. " 10/01/2017 - "We evaluated the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in the treatment of irritability in children and adolescents (6-17 years) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 8-week study in Japan. "
10.	SecretinFDA Link 01/01/2005 - "Is secretin effective in treatment for autism spectrum disorders (ASD)?" 01/01/2005 - "Improved social and language skills after secretin administration in patients with autism spectrum disorders. " 01/01/1998 - "Improved social and language skills after secretin administration in patients with autistic spectrum disorders." 07/20/2005 - "Randomised controlled trials of intravenous secretin comparing secretin with a placebo treatment in children or adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders, where at least one standardised outcome measure was reported. " 01/01/2023 - "Moreover, the exogenous application of secretin effectively promoted social interest in both healthy and autism spectrum disorder model mice. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2017 - "Interventions using robot-assisted therapy may be beneficial for the social skills development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are lacking. " 03/01/2014 - "This study's objective was to investigate the efficacy of sensory integration therapy (SIT) for children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD). " 03/01/2014 - "Pilot study: efficacy of sensory integration therapy for Japanese children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder." 09/01/2022 - "With the increased need for patients to access more services via telehealth, due to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the current study evaluated the efficacy of telehealth direct therapy to teach new skills to individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). " 07/19/2023 - "The present investigation aims to explore the efficacy of Global Intensive Feeding Therapy (GIFT) on feeding and swallowing abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). "
2.	Music Therapy 01/01/2015 - "As all children showed improvement in joint attention and actions of social engagement, this study bears evidence on the potential of music therapy as a promising intervention for promoting social skills of young children with autism spectrum disorder. " 01/01/2022 - "This study was to investigated the efficacy of music therapy (MT) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) via a meta-analysis that comprehensively evaluated data from all eligible research in this field. " 01/01/2014 - "However, additional studies are needed to establish efficacy of music therapy interventions for attention skills in children/adolescents with neurodevelopmental disabilities including those with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). " 02/28/2023 - "Music therapy has been shown to improve communication in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but little is known about how different types of music and images affect hemodynamic changes in the frontal lobe of the brain in children with ASD. " 11/01/2020 - "To evaluate the efficacy of Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT) using a traditional and a technological intervention (elastic touch-display) in improving the coordination of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as a primary outcome, and the timing and strength control of their movements as secondary outcomes. "
3.	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 03/01/2011 - "Deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation associated with improved social functioning in a young woman with an autism spectrum disorder." 01/01/2023 - "Although previous open-label trials suggest the therapeutic potential of inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), methodological caveats exist. " 01/01/2022 - "A growing number of studies have suggested that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may represent a novel technique with both investigative and therapeutic potential for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). " 03/01/2014 - "A double-blind, randomized trial of deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for autism spectrum disorder." 11/01/2023 - "Abnormal individualized peak functional connectivity toward potential repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment of autism spectrum disorder."
4.	Fecal Microbiota Transplantation 10/02/2020 - "Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) holds significant promise for patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. " 01/01/2023 - "Protocol for the safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation liquid in children with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized controlled study." 01/01/2023 - "Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may be helpful in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as rebalancing the gut microbiome has been shown to potentially improve behavioral symptoms in children with ASD. " 01/01/2023 - "Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review." 09/25/2022 - "Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). "
5.	Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation 01/01/2018 - "While there is evidence of improved social functioning after applying transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) at the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) in individuals who are healthy, no current studies have investigated the use of tDCS at the rTPJ to improve social functioning in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). " 01/01/2023 - "To compare the efficacy of 0, 5, and 20 sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for reducing symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). " 12/01/2023 - "Modulation of Resting-State Brain Complexity After Bilateral Cerebellar Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: a Randomized Controlled Trial Study." 10/01/2023 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Cz of high-definition 5-channel tDCS (HD-tDCS) on social function in 4-12 years-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). " 03/01/2022 - "Neurophysiological and behavioral effects of multisession prefrontal tDCS and concurrent cognitive remediation training in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD): A double-blind, randomized controlled fNIRS study."