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Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox)

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A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.

Also Known As:

Dementia Praecox; Disorder, Schizophrenic; Disorders, Schizophrenic; Schizophrenias; Schizophrenic Disorder; Schizophrenic Disorders

Networked: 22405 relevant articles (1830 outcomes, 5488 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Mental Disorders: 2346
- Schizophrenia and Disorders with Psychotic Features
  - Schizophrenia: 22405

Related Diseases

1.	Psychotic Disorders (Schizoaffective Disorder)
2.	Bipolar Disorder (Mania)
3.	Weight Gain
4.	Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer's Disease)
5.	Movement Disorders (Movement Disorder)

Experts

1.	Lieberman, Jeffrey A: 70 articles (08/2012 - 02/2002)
2.	Ozaki, Norio: 55 articles (05/2012 - 01/2002)
3.	Meltzer, Herbert Y: 53 articles (10/2012 - 08/2002)
4.	He, Lin: 50 articles (12/2012 - 05/2002)
5.	Weinberger, Daniel R: 49 articles (07/2012 - 09/2002)
6.	Kane, John M: 45 articles (12/2012 - 04/2002)
7.	Kennedy, James L: 45 articles (11/2012 - 10/2002)
8.	Iwata, Nakao: 42 articles (02/2013 - 04/2005)
9.	Weizman, Abraham: 42 articles (05/2012 - 05/2002)
10.	Lewis, David A: 41 articles (11/2012 - 04/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Schizophrenia:

1.	Antipsychotic Agents (Antipsychotics)IBA 03/01/2012 - "Antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia arrived in the clinic in the fifties of the previous century and have since been the most effective treatment for patients with this devastating disorder. " 01/01/2011 - "Understanding the genetic variation affecting response to antipsychotics is important to develop novel diagnostic tests to match individual schizophrenia patients to the most effective and safe medication. " 12/01/2009 - "Less than half of patients on LAIR continued treatment for 18 months, a smaller proportion than of those started on most oral first- or second-generation antipsychotics, suggesting that for many patients with schizophrenia improved adherence from this treatment may not be sustained." 10/01/2008 - "Antipsychotic drugs are the most effective treatment for the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia, yet their mechanism of action remains largely unknown. " 04/01/2008 - "Although the treatment of schizophrenia, arguably one of the most devastating diseases today, has been immensely helped by the advent of second-generation antipsychotics, they have come at a considerable cost - the metabolic syndrome (MetS). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Clozapine (Clozaril)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2007 - "The study of anatomic and functional brain variables associated with clozapine response in schizophrenia may help to identify patients who are most likely to benefit from clozapine treatment. " 11/01/1990 - "Clinical studies have shown clozapine to be effective in suppressing both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and to be associated with an extremely low incidence of extrapyramidal side effects. " 10/01/2012 - "Clozapine is often referred to as the gold standard for the treatment of schizophrenia and yet has also been described as the most underutilized treatment for schizophrenia supported by solid evidence-based medicine. " 10/01/2009 - "Clozapine, a dibenzodiazepine antipsychotic, is the most effective medication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. " 09/01/2007 - "It then discusses the definition and treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia, with particular attention to clinical, biological and neuroimaging correlates, as well as the best treatment options, including the use of clozapine in patients who meet the definition of treatment-resistant schizophrenia." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Risperidone (Risperdal Consta)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2004 - "Most patients considered the treatment at least "acceptable" during the study, and mean change at study end corresponded to between "acceptable" and "quite acceptable." After 1 year of risperidone treatment in a naturalistic setting reflecting usual UK clinical practice, patients with chronic schizophrenia showed improvement in symptoms and reduction in disease severity, and only 10 of 79 had relapse; 48.1% of patients were considered to be sustained treatment successes, 36.7% as treatment failures, and 15.2% as not "evaluable." Fifty-one percent of patients were considered to be study successes and 49% as study failures." 08/01/2001 - "Most male (77%) and female (78%) participants were considered to be PANSS responders: risperidone was effective against both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. " 10/01/2005 - "Risperidone therapy at the earliest possible stage shows optimal improvement in schizophrenia." 06/01/2000 - "Risperidone is a benzisoxazole derivative which has proven efficacy against the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. " 06/01/1998 - "Risperidone has proven efficacy with reduced likelihood of causing extrapyramidal symptoms in the treatment of schizophrenia. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	olanzapine (Zyprexa)FDA Link 02/01/2008 - "There are conflicting data concerning the potential utility of olanzapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia at doses beyond the 10- to 20-mg/day range that has proven to be effective for most nonrefractory patients with schizophrenia. " 01/01/2001 - "Olanzapine, a thienobenzodiazepine derivative, is a second generation (atypical) antipsychotic agent which has proven efficacy against the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. " 05/01/2010 - "In a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, 6-week trial in adolescents aged 13-17 years with schizophrenia, the least squares mean reduction from baseline to 6 weeks in the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children (BPRS-C) total score (primary endpoint) was significantly greater with olanzapine than with placebo. " 09/15/2005 - "The principle finding of this study is that GRM3 polymorphisms were collectively significant predictors of negative symptom improvement in persons with schizophrenia treated with the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine. " 05/01/2004 - "The purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy of high doses of olanzapine for treatment of the patient suffering from schizophrenia with predominance of positive symptoms. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Haloperidol (Haldol)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1978 - "In the double blind study with haloperidol, both substances were found to be highly effective in the treatment of psychotic syndromes belonging predominantly to the schizophrenia group. " 01/01/2010 - "Treatment with RLAI is suggested to result in improved QALYs combined with cost savings compared with haloperidol LAI among the Swedish, high-risk non-compliant schizophrenia patient population. " 07/04/2006 - "Haloperidol is a prototype of typical APDs, and the other three drugs are atypical APDs, which are effective in reducing negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia, cause less side effects, and are more tolerable compared to haloperidol. " 08/01/2002 - "Extract of Ginkgo biloba added to haloperidol was effective for positive symptoms in refractory schizophrenia." 02/01/2011 - "In this multicenter, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study, only patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia who had failed an adequate antipsychotic treatment within the previous 6 months and who had not responded positively to haloperidol during screening were eligible for enrollment. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	aripiprazole (Abilify)FDA Link 09/01/2010 - "This study suggested that most clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia maintain their remission states after being switched to aripiprazole, without serious symptom aggravation and adverse events over a course of 26 weeks." 05/01/2004 - "In multiple clinical trials, aripiprazole was effective in significantly reducing symptomatology associated with schizophrenia-related disorders compared with placebo (P < 0.05). " 01/01/2012 - "Treatment with aripiprazole is associated with significant reduction of the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) scores in youth with schizophrenia, and reductions in items in the negative symptom scores at higher doses (30 mg/day). " 01/01/2010 - "Although the discontinuation rate was high, aripiprazole was found to be effective, safe and well tolerated in the long-term treatment of Taiwanese patients with schizophrenia who continued to receive treatment for 64 weeks." 06/01/2007 - "Aripiprazole has made a significant contribution to the treatment of schizophrenia and related disorders with an improved safety and tolerability profile, which has been attributed to its unique pharmacological profile. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	quetiapine (Seroquel)FDA Link 04/01/1999 - "From these results, quetiapine fumarate was suggested to be highly effective and safe for the treatment of schizophrenia." 04/01/2007 - "The efficacy of quetiapine in reducing positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia has been proven in several clinical trials with placebo-controlled comparators. " 01/01/2011 - "Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic with proven efficacy and an established tolerability profile in schizophrenia. " 07/01/2003 - "Quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic with proven efficacy in the treatment of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia, also has efficacy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. " 10/01/2001 - "Quetiapine is a novel atypical antipsychotic with proven efficacy in schizophrenia across all domains. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Dopamine (Intropin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1977 - "Several different classes of drugs effective in the treatment of schizophrenia were potent inhibitors of the stimulation by dopamine of the enzyme from these various regions. " 12/21/1999 - "The major findings of this study are: 1. biopsies from patients with schizophrenia showed a significantly reduced ability to attach to the culture slide: 29.9% of patient biopsies attached compared to 73.5% of control biopsies; 2. biopsies from patients with schizophrenia had a significantly greater proportion of cells undergoing mitosis: 0.69% in the patients compared to 0.29% in the controls; and 3. dopamine (10 microM) significantly increased the proportion of apoptotic cells in the control cultures but significantly decreased the proportion in patients' cultures." 10/04/2002 - "The development of new dopamine D(3) receptor selective antagonists is premised on the potentially improved therapeutic treatment of psychosis like schizophrenia. " 01/01/1988 - "Future studies in which attempts are made at using both plasma and CSF HVA to enhance neurochemical and clinical correlates may help to advance our understanding of the contributions of specific CNS dopamine systems to schizophrenia." 09/01/2012 - "Chronic treatment with ARI prevents development of dopamine supersensitivity and potentially supersensitivity psychosis, suggesting that by reducing excessive sensitivity to dopamine and by stabilizing sensitivity for an extended period of time, ARI may be helpful for some patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	sultopride (amisulpride)IBA 04/01/2010 - "This demonstrated significant improvement in subjective well-being in patients with schizophrenia initiating treatment with amisulpride, and a correlation between this improvement and amelioration of psychopathology. " 01/01/2002 - "Amisulpride is clinically effective on the negative symptoms of acute schizophrenia exacerbations at low dosages (50-300 mg/day), and also on the positive symptoms of the disease at high dosages (400-800 mg/day). " 09/01/1986 - "These results also suggest that sultopride would have good therapeutic efficacy in schizophrenic disorders." 01/01/2010 - "Amisulpride is effective in acute schizophrenia as determined by Clinical Global Impression scores. " 07/01/1998 - "In conclusion, 600-1 200 mg/d of amisulpride is an effective and well tolerated treatment of schizophrenic disorders, as demonstrated through this 3-month study carried in a large sample of 445 patients. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	ziprasidone (Geodon)FDA Link 11/01/2005 - "Ziprasidone is an atypical antipsychotic with a highly specific receptorbinding profile that has been shown to be effective for both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. " 05/01/2002 - "Efficacy data and most safety data for ziprasidone support its use as a first-line treatment for schizophrenia; however, its potential effects on ventricular repolarization relegate it to second-line status in patients with comorbid cardiovascular risks." 10/01/2007 - "This study suggests that ziprasidone may be beneficial for long-term treatment of schizophrenia patients in terms of severity of symptoms, and general functioning. " 08/01/2006 - "This sample was selected because previous findings suggested that clinical and NP symptoms of schizophrenia significantly improved from baseline after a switch to ziprasidone treatment. " 03/01/2011 - "Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) as a valid proxy measure for remission in schizophrenia: analyses of ziprasidone clinical study data." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 06/01/2003 - "Improved drug therapy for schizophrenia may represent the best strategy for reducing the costs of schizophrenia and the recurrent chronic course of the disease. " 05/01/2009 - "Animal models of schizophrenia are important for research aimed at developing improved pharmacotherapies. " 01/01/2007 - "Despite proven efficacy of maintenance pharmacotherapy in schizophrenia, indefinite neuroleptic treatment may not be optimal for all patients. " 02/01/2000 - "Combination pharmacotherapy has proven effective in a number of psychiatric disorders, including depression and schizophrenia. " 10/01/1994 - "Despite the proven efficacy of acute and maintenance pharmacotherapy in schizophrenia, practical methods for identifying patients who require continuous treatment to prevent relapse have not been established. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Injections 01/01/2012 - "Health-related quality of life advantage of long-acting injectable antipsychotic treatment for schizophrenia: a time trade-off study." 07/01/2012 - "The antipsychotic medication means the cornerstone in the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia within which an increasing role of the long-acting second-generation injections can be detected. " 04/01/2012 - "We used bivariate χ2, t tests, and multivariate logistic regression to compare the subsample of patients receiving long-acting injectable drugs (n = 102) to patients not receiving long-acting injectable drugs (n = 799) who were diagnosed with schizophrenia for the same period. " 01/01/2012 - "These areas include sublingual, injectable, and implantable drug delivery strategies that have the potential to effect rapid and dramatic improvements in schizophrenia outcomes." 01/01/2012 - "To treat acute schizophrenia, a long-acting injectable antipsychotic needs a rapid onset of action and therapeutic profile similar to that of oral agents. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 10/01/2006 - "Patients with schizophrenia who manifest prominent negative symptoms and marked functional deficits demonstrated significant improvement in negative symptoms after treatment with OLZ or QUE. " 09/01/2005 - "Patients with first-episode schizophrenia demonstrated impairments in emotion perception before treatment and no significant improvement after treatment. " 12/01/2008 - "We hypothesized, consistent with recent studies of schizophrenia, that the factor structure after treatment would be similar to the structure of untreated symptoms at study baseline. " 09/01/2000 - "Differentiating primary from secondary negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a study of neuroleptic-naive patients before and after treatment." 06/01/1983 - "The study stresses the need for prospective controlled studies based on a systematised after-care programme for patients who show symptoms of both schizophrenia and affective illness in their first attack." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 08/01/1983 - "These results provide important experimental evidence of the lack of therapeutic efficacy of hemodialysis in schizophrenia." 03/24/1983 - "These results provide important experimental evidence of the lack of therapeutic efficacy of hemodialysis in schizophrenia." 05/01/1983 - "The HTP evaluations support the continued use of hemodialysis as an effective treatment for schizophrenia." 03/24/1983 - "The therapeutic efficacy of hemodialysis in schizophrenia." 05/16/1980 - "[Is hemodialysis an effective treatment of schizophrenia?]." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Therapeutics 06/01/2009 - "The concepts of partial recovery and remission have become increasingly important for the evaluation of the effectiveness of schizophrenia therapeutics. " 06/01/2008 - "An improved understanding of the mechanisms by which altered function of NRG1 and ErbB4 contributes to schizophrenia might eventually lead to the development of more effective therapeutics." 10/01/2011 - "For the past two decades, the whole investigative domain of AODS and oxidative stress has broadened to include the wider AODS components, direct central nervous system assays of AODS, chemical imaging studies, proteomics, genetics of AODS, and, of importance to sufferers of schizophrenia, antioxidant therapeutics. " 04/01/2010 - "Further study of Akt/GSK-3 and Wnt signaling may ultimately lead to alternative therapeutics of schizophrenia-related disorders." 08/01/2008 - "In preclinical studies, PPI is valuable for evaluating models or model organisms relevant to schizophrenia, "mapping" neural substrates of deficient PPI in schizophrenia, and advancing the discovery and development of novel therapeutics. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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