Low Back Pain (Lumbago)

Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.

Also Known As:

Lumbago; Lower Back Pain; Mechanical Low Back Pain; Back Pain, Low; Low Back Ache; Low Back Pain, Mechanical; Low Back Pain, Posterior Compartment; Low Back Pain, Postural; Low Back Pain, Recurrent; Low Backache; Postural Low Back Pain; Recurrent Low Back Pain; Ache, Low Back; Aches, Low Back; Back Ache, Low; Back Aches, Low; Back Pain, Lower; Back Pains, Low; Back Pains, Lower; Backache, Low; Backaches, Low; Low Back Aches; Low Back Pains; Low Backaches; Lower Back Pains; Pain, Low Back; Pain, Lower Back; Pains, Low Back; Pains, Lower Back

Networked: 9457 relevant articles (1240 outcomes, 2235 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Signs and Symptoms Pathological Conditions
- Signs and Symptoms
  - Neurologic Manifestations: 7223
    - Pain: 225883
      - Back Pain: 5914
        Low Back Pain: 9457

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Osteoarthritis
3.	Sciatica (Sciatic Neuralgia)
4.	Intervertebral Disc Displacement (Herniated Disc)
5.	Radiculopathy (Radiculopathy, Cervical)

Experts

1.	Fritz, Julie M: 77 articles (06/2024 - 06/2003)
2.	Manchikanti, Laxmaiah: 62 articles (09/2023 - 01/2002)
3.	Ohtori, Seiji: 56 articles (12/2023 - 04/2004)
4.	George, Steven Z: 47 articles (02/2024 - 12/2003)
5.	Takahashi, Kazuhisa: 44 articles (06/2021 - 04/2004)
6.	Maher, Christopher G: 43 articles (07/2023 - 01/2000)
7.	van Tulder, Maurits W: 41 articles (03/2024 - 05/2005)
8.	Orita, Sumihisa: 40 articles (12/2023 - 08/2009)
9.	Pampati, Vidyasagar: 37 articles (09/2023 - 01/2002)
10.	Maher, Chris G: 36 articles (03/2024 - 11/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Low Back Pain:

1.	SteroidsIBA 03/01/2023 - "PRP provided sustained relief from low back pain due to IVDP and can be recommended as a safe and promising alternative to epidural local anaesthetics and steroids." 10/01/2022 - "Lumbar epidural steroid injection (LESI) is an effective treatment for low back pain. " 06/01/2016 - "Caudal epidural steroid administration is an effective treatment for chronic low back pain (LBP). " 10/01/2023 - "Transforaminal epidural steroid injection is an effective and safe method for radicular low back pain. " 05/01/2011 - "How effective--and safe--are systemic steroids for acute low back pain?"
2.	Analgesics (Analgesic Drugs)IBA 01/01/2022 - "We examined which domains and intensities of physical activity are most beneficial in reducing the frequency of analgesic use for low back pain and its related activity limitation. " 12/01/2019 - "The PP group had a significant reduction of low back pain (66.2% vs 50.0%; P = 0.04) and analgesic consumption (30.9% vs 15.5%; P = 0.03) after 6 months. " 03/01/2021 - "Visits to doctors in the previous six weeks (odds ratio, OR = 1.82; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.22-2.71) and use of analgesics in the previous three months (OR = 1.57; 95% CI 1.07-2.31) showed statistically significant associations with disability-related low back pain. " 05/15/2002 - "The efficacy of topical heat methods, as compared with oral analgesic treatment of low back pain, has not been established. " 01/01/2020 - "Research was conducted to study the efficacy of analgesic infiltration treatment in a well-selected population of patients with non-specific drug-resistant chronic low back pain. "
3.	Opioid Analgesics (Opioids)IBA 08/27/2013 - "The use of opioids in the long-term management of chronic low-back pain (CLBP) has increased dramatically. " 02/01/2011 - "With additional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and opioid medication, the patient reported a marked decrease in his lower back pain and was able to move independently again at the 3-month follow-up assessment. " 11/01/2019 - "After opioid titration, CLBP intensity, neuropathic component, low back pain disability, anxiety, and depression significantly decreased, while quality of life improved. " 11/01/2018 - "Weak and strong opioids have been shown to be effective compared to placebo in the short term; however, there is increasing evidence that opioids are no more effective than non-opioid medications in the treatment of acute and chronic low back pain. " 05/01/2010 - "In the 8-week, double-blind portion of this study, BTDS 10 to 40 microg/h was effective compared with placebo in the management of chronic, moderate to severe low back pain in patients who had previously received opioids. "
4.	Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs)IBA 07/15/2008 - "There is strong evidence that various types of NSAIDs, including COX-2 NSAIDs, are equally effective for acute low back pain. " 01/23/2008 - "There is strong evidence that various types of NSAIDs, including COX-2 NSAIDs, are equally effective for acute low-back pain. " 07/18/2007 - "There is strong evidence (level 1) that various types of NSAIDs are equally effective for acute low back pain. " 07/29/2000 - "There was strong evidence that advice to stay active, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and muscle relaxants were effective in acute low back pain. " 01/01/2000 - "There is strong evidence (level 1) that various types of NSAIDs are equally effective for acute low back pain. "
5.	salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)IBA 11/01/2013 - "High-quality clinical evidence suggests that although acupuncture appears superior to usual care in the management of chronic low back pain, there is little meaningful difference between true and sham acupuncture. " 12/01/2009 - "VAS low back pain improved significantly from 61 (+/-25) to 32 (+/-27) with the IDD protocol and 53 (+/-26) to 36 (+/-27) in the SHAM protocol. " 09/12/2012 - "SMT is no more effective in participants with acute low-back pain than inert interventions, sham SMT, or when added to another intervention. " 12/01/2010 - "Many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and reviews concluded that acupuncture is not an effective treatment for low back pain (LBP) and there is no difference between real acupuncture and sham acupuncture in the treatment of LBP. " 07/01/2004 - "To compare the relative efficacy of chiropractic adjustments with muscle relaxants and placebo/sham for subacute low back pain. "
6.	Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2020 - "The aim of this study was to reanalyze and reinterpret data obtained in Paracetamol in Acute Low Back Pain (PACE), the first large randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of paracetamol in acute low back pain, to assess the inferential reproducibility of the original conclusions. " 11/01/2014 - "Efficacy of paracetamol for acute low-back pain: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial." 09/01/2020 - "We focus in on low back pain and describe the evidence it has on the efficacy of paracetamol (taken by patients orally) and current insights on its side-effects. " 11/01/2008 - "There is insufficient evidence to assess the efficacy of paracetamol in patients with low back pain. " 10/01/2023 - "Barriers and facilitators to reducing paracetamol use in low back pain: A qualitative study."
7.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 11/01/2006 - "Although not recommended for low back pain, the efficacy of systemic corticosteroids has never been evaluated in a general low back pain population. " 03/01/2024 - "Are systemic corticosteroids effective and safe for treating patients with radicular and non-radicular low back pain? " 01/01/2002 - "To investigate the efficacy of periarticular corticosteroid treatment of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) in non-spondylarthropathic patients with chronic low back pain in the region of the SIJ in a double blind, controlled study. " 01/01/2002 - "Efficacy of periarticular corticosteroid treatment of the sacroiliac joint in non-spondylarthropathic patients with chronic low back pain in the region of the sacroiliac joint." 11/30/1993 - "To evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroid facet joint injection for the treatment of low back pain, we retrospectively studied 206 patients with low back pain ascribed to facet syndrome. "
8.	Tapentadol FDA Link 01/01/2011 - "Tapentadol in the management of chronic low back pain: a novel approach to a complex condition?" 08/01/2010 - "Efficacy and safety of tapentadol extended release for the management of chronic low back pain: results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled Phase III study." 11/01/2019 - "Efficacy of tapentadol prolonged release for pre- and post-operative low back pain: a prospective observational study." 08/01/2018 - "This study investigates the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of the prolonged release oral formulation of tapentadol (tapentadol PR) in 27 patients affected by refractory chronic low back pain during a long-term follow-up (up to 51 months). " 06/01/2015 - "Effectiveness and Tolerability of a Moderate Dose of Tapentadol Prolonged Release for Managing Severe, Chronic Low Back Pain with a Neuropathic Component: An Open-label Continuation Arm of a Randomized Phase 3b Study."
9.	Diclofenac (SR 38)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2023 - "In Japanese patients, diclofenac sodium patch is effective for the relief of low back pain and is well tolerated. " 03/01/2007 - "(with a second dose on day 1) provides effective relief for acute low back pain, and was at least as efficacious as diclofenac 75 mg b.i.d., with a nonsignificant but numerically lower incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events." 10/01/2009 - "This study involved a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of diclofenac in 239 patients presenting to general practitioners for acute low back pain. " 12/01/2020 - "Authors' reply to: Efficacy of intradermal administration of diclofenac for the treatment of nonspecific chronic low back pain: results from a retrospective observational study." 12/01/2020 - "Comment on: Efficacy of intradermal administration of diclofenac for the treatment of nonspecific chronic low back pain: results from a retrospective observational study."
10.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 10/30/2021 - "There is uncertainty about whether antibiotic treatment is effective for chronic low back pain and, if effective, which patient subgroup is most likely to respond. " 10/01/2013 - "According to these articles, treatment with certain antibiotics is significantly more effective than placebo against this low back pain. " 05/09/2013 - "Study proposes antibiotics as possible new treatment for some types of chronic low back pain." 11/01/2020 - "Efficacy of antibiotic treatment in patients with chronic low back pain and Modic changes (the AIM study): double blind, randomised, placebo controlled, multicentre trial." 10/16/2019 - "Efficacy of antibiotic treatment in patients with chronic low back pain and Modic changes (the AIM study): double blind, randomised, placebo controlled, multicentre trial."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 02/01/2001 - "To determine whether behavioral therapy is more effective than reference treatments for chronic nonspecific low back pain and which type of behavioral treatment is most effective. " 10/15/2000 - "To determine whether behavioral therapy is more effective than reference treatments for chronic nonspecific low back pain and which type of behavioral treatment is most effective. " 01/01/2000 - "The objective of this systematic review was to determine if behavioural therapy is more effective than reference treatments for chronic non-specific low back pain, and which type of behavioural treatment is most effective. " 01/01/1994 - "While most people with low back pain improve regardless of the type of intervention, some evidence shows that McKenzie exercises, manipulation and injection therapy are helpful for patients who do not recover spontaneously." 01/01/1993 - "These therapies work best in combination and are very effective in decreasing low back pain."
2.	Injections 12/24/2015 - "We hypothesise that facet joint injections might facilitate engagement with physiotherapist-led, best usual care (a combined physical and psychological programme) and is a clinically and cost-effective treatment for people with suspected low back pain of facet joint origin. " 03/01/2008 - "Research studies have shown that injections of sterile water to relieve low back pain during labor are effective with good maternal satisfaction. " 07/01/2019 - "• Given the lack of evidence to demonstrate superior efficacy and the added harms with fluoroscopic guidance, ultrasound guidance may be the preferred method of guidance for injections to manage lower back pain in appropriate patients. " 02/01/2005 - "Lumbar zygapophyseal joint injections, as a useful diagnostic tool for facet joint syndrome, could also have useful palliative effects in the management of chronic lower back pain." 02/01/2024 - "Injections of Platelet-Rich Plasma: An Emerging Novel Biological Cure for Low Back Pain?"
3.	Physical Therapy Modalities (Physical Therapy Technique) 01/01/2021 - "Emergency department-initiated physical therapy for low back pain was associated with greater improvement in functioning and lower use of high-risk medications over 3 months." 09/01/2014 - "Patients (n = 123) receiving nonstandardized physical therapy care for low back pain were administered the SBT at intake and 4 weeks later to evaluate SBT changes, which were described as improved (SBT categorization changed from medium to low, high to low, or high to medium risk), stable (SBT categorization remained low or medium risk), or worsened (SBT categorization changed from low to medium, low to high, medium to high, or remained high risk). " 08/01/2014 - "[Conclusion] A physical therapy program involving strengthening exercises for abdominal muscles and stretching exercises for back, hamstring, and iliopsoas muscles with or without Kinesio taping was beneficial in the treatment of chronic low back pain. " 10/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to determine whether peer assessment is more effective than case-based discussions to improve knowledge and guideline-consistent clinical reasoning in the Dutch physical therapy guideline for low back pain (LBP). " 01/01/2022 - "Efficacy of Therapeutic Aquatic Exercise vs Physical Therapy Modalities for Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial."
4.	Spinal Manipulation 02/01/1999 - "Based on the most recent and comprehensive systematic reviews, there is moderate evidence of short-term efficacy for spinal manipulation in the treatment of both acute and chronic low back pain. " 10/01/2017 - "Spinal manipulation is beneficial for nonchronic low back pain." 10/02/2007 - "We found good evidence that cognitive-behavioral therapy, exercise, spinal manipulation, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation are all moderately effective for chronic or subacute (>4 weeks' duration) low back pain. " 02/01/1994 - "These nerve impingements are postulated to be the result of misaligned vertebra or "subluxations." Research indicates that spinal manipulation may be beneficial in low back pain, but the claim that spinal manipulation is of value for optimizing general health and treating non-musculoskeletal conditions is unfounded." 02/01/1982 - "Three criteria of reliability and validity were used: (1) significant agreement between independent observers, (2) significantly different scores in the groups with and without low back pain, and (3) significant improvement following a successful spinal manipulation. "
5.	Conservative Treatment 12/01/2018 - "Although this type of surgical approach has been reported to provide better improvement in low back pain compared with conventional conservative treatments, the ratio of failure varies between 5% and 30% in different studies. " 07/15/2000 - "There is considerable evidence documenting the efficacy of exercise in the conservative treatment of chronic low back pain, but the role of exercises after the guided treatment period on the long-term success and maintenance of the results is not known. " 11/01/2015 - "This review indicates that surgical stabilization of the lumbar spine is an effective treatment for LS; in particular, for patients with severe chronic low back pain that has been resistant to ≥3 months of conservative therapy." 07/01/2003 - "The specific stabilizing exercise approach appears to be effective in conservative treatment programs of low back pain and lumbar disk disease." 08/01/2012 - "We concluded that the nucleoplasty technique is a safe and effective procedure for radicular or combined radicular and mechanical low back pain and should be used in selected cases before open surgery after conservative treatment has failed."