Abstract | PURPOSE: METHODS: The selected participants with peri‑implantitis were divided into two groups: Group I (n = 15) included hyperglycemic patients with no history of smoking and Group II (n = 15) included hyperglycemic patients with a history of smoking cigarettes. Both groups were further divided into two subgroups based on the type of therapy provided: PDT+PID and PID alone. Peri-implant bleeding on probing (PiBOP), peri‑implant pocket depth (PiPD), peri‑implant plaque scores (PiPS), and crestal bone loss (CBL) were assessed. Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was sampled for quantification of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All assessments were performed at baseline and at three and six months. RESULTS: PDT+PID showed a higher reduction in PiBOP than PID alone in hyperglycemic/non-smoking participants (p<0.01). PDT+PID and PID show a significant reduction in PiBOP in smokers only at 6 months (p<0.05), with comparable differences between PDT+PID and PID (p>0.05). PDT+PID significantly reduced PiPD hyperglycemic/smoking patients at 3 and 6 months (p<0.05), whereas PID only produced a significant reduction in PiPD at 6 months in smoking patients (p<0.05). CBL alone with PDT+PID in both smokers and non-smokers showed a statistically significant reduction at 6 months follow-up (p<0.05). IL-1β was significantly reduced in hyperglycemic/non-smoking participants at 6 months follow-up with both PDT+PID and PID alone (p<0.01). This trend was also observed in cigarette smokers, with an additional short-term reduction in IL-1β at 3 months with PDT+PID (p<0.05). Only the PDT+PID group showed a significant reduction in TNF-a among cigarette smoking patients with chronic hyperglycemia at 6 months follow-up (p<0.05) CONCLUSION: Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine-mediated PDT proved effective in improving peri‑implant clinical outcomes and reducing cytokine levels in smoking patients with chronic hyperglycemia.
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Authors | Mohamed Farouk Elsadek, Alia Almoajel, Abrar Mohammed Sonbol, Hmoud Mohammed Aljarbou |
Journal | Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy
(Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther)
Vol. 41
Pg. 103309
(Mar 2023)
ISSN: 1873-1597 [Electronic] Netherlands |
PMID | 36709015
(Publication Type: Journal Article)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
Chemical References |
- Cytokines
- aluminum phthalocyanine
- chloroaluminum phthalocyanine
- Photosensitizing Agents
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Topics |
- Humans
- Cytokines
- Peri-Implantitis
(therapy)
- Photochemotherapy
(methods)
- Photosensitizing Agents
(therapeutic use)
- Hyperglycemia
(drug therapy)
- Tobacco Products
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