Periodontitis may impair the homeostasis of systemic bone through regulation of gut microbiota in ApoE-/- mice.

Abstract

AIM:

To investigate whether periodontitis impacts bone homeostasis via gut microbiota regulation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Experimental periodontitis was induced by ligatures (LIG group). ApoE-/- mice were employed as a model with weakened bone homeostasis. Bone turnover was evaluated through micro-computerized tomography, haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, osteoblast and osteoclast biomarkers in the bone and serum. Gut microbiota was analysed through 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Serum concentrations of cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The role of gut microbiota was evaluated through their transplantation into antibiotic-treated mice.

RESULTS:

Periodontitis significantly increased the number of osteoclasts and the expression of the osteoclast biomarkers in the proximal tibia of ApoE-/- mice, with the RANKL/OPG (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin) ratio significantly increased, which indicated the osteoclastic activity overwhelmed osteogenesis. Meanwhile, periodontitis altered the composition of gut microbiota and induced low-grade inflammation in the colon and blood circulation. Interestingly, the concentration of circulating tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-17A, and monocyte chemotactic factor-1 were positively correlated with faecal α1-antitrypsin and calprotectin, as well as serum OPG and RANKL. Furthermore, transplantation of gut microbiota from mice with periodontitis to antibiotic-treated mice could partially re-capitulate the phenotypes in the bone and colon.

CONCLUSION:

Periodontitis may impair systemic bone homeostasis through gut microbiota.

• Authors: Lili Li, Min Wang, Jun Bao, Nannan Wang, Yuezhen Huang, Shasha He, Bin Chen, Fuhua Yan
• Journal: Journal of clinical periodontology (J Clin Periodontol) Vol. 49 Issue 12 Pg. 1304-1319 (Dec 2022) ISSN: 1600-051X [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 35871602 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Chemical References

• Anti-Bacterial Agents
• Apolipoproteins E
• Biomarkers
• Osteoprotegerin
• RANK Ligand

Topics

• Animals
• Mice
• Alveolar Bone Loss
• Anti-Bacterial Agents (pharmacology)
• Apolipoproteins E (metabolism)
• Biomarkers (metabolism)
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome
• Homeostasis
• Osteoclasts
• Osteoprotegerin (metabolism)
• Periodontitis (metabolism)
• RANK Ligand (metabolism)
• Mice, Knockout, ApoE