Intravascular hemolysis is a fundamental feature of hemorrhagic venereal
infection or tissue and releases the endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern
hemoglobin (Hb) into the plasma or tissues, which results in systemic
inflammation, vasomotor dysfunction,
thrombophilia, and proliferative vasculopathy. However, how the cytotoxic Hb affects the tissues of grass carp remains unclear. Here, we established a
hemolysis model in grass carp by injecting
phenylhydrazine (PHZ). The data revealed that the PHZ-induced
hemolysis increased the content of Hb and activated the
antioxidant system in plasma. The histopathology analysis data showed that the PHZ-induced
hemolysis increased the accumulation of Hb and
iron both in the head and middle kidney. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) detection suggested that the
hemolysis upregulated the expressions of
iron metabolism-related genes. In addition, the immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry data revealed that the
hemolysis caused an obvious deposition of
collagen fiber,
malondialdehyde (MDA), and
4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) accumulation and increased the content of oxidative-related
enzymes such as β-
galactosidase (β-GAL),
lipid peroxide (LPO), and MDA in both the head and middle kidney. Furthermore, the PHZ-induced
hemolysis significantly increased the production of
reactive oxygen species (ROS), which resulted in apoptosis and modulated the expressions of
cytokine-related genes. Taken together, excess of Hb released from
hemolysis caused tissue oxidative damage, which may be associated with ROS and
inflammation generation.