Cellular and humoral functional responses after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination differ longitudinally between naive and subjects recovered from COVID-19.

Abstract

We have analyzed BNT162b2 vaccine-induced immune responses in naive subjects and individuals recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), both soon after (14 days) and later after (almost 8 months) vaccination. Plasma spike (S)-specific immunoglobulins peak after one vaccine shot in individuals recovered from COVID-19, while a second dose is needed in naive subjects, although the latter group shows reduced levels all along the analyzed period. Despite how the neutralization capacity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mirrors this behavior early after vaccination, both groups show comparable neutralizing antibodies and S-specific B cell levels late post-vaccination. When studying cellular responses, naive individuals exhibit higher SARS-CoV-2-specific cytokine production, CD4+ T cell activation, and proliferation than do individuals recovered from COVID-19, with patent inverse correlations between humoral and cellular variables early post-vaccination. However, almost 8 months post-vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific responses are comparable between both groups. Our data indicate that a previous history of COVID-19 differentially determines the functional T and B cell-mediated responses to BNT162b2 vaccination over time.

• Authors: Roberto Lozano-Rodríguez, Jaime Valentín-Quiroga, José Avendaño-Ortiz, Alejandro Martín-Quirós, Alejandro Pascual-Iglesias, Verónica Terrón-Arcos, Karla Montalbán-Hernández, José Carlos Casalvilla-Dueñas, Marta Bergón-Gutiérrez, José Alcamí, Javier García-Pérez, Almudena Cascajero, Miguel Ángel García-Garrido, Álvaro Del Balzo-Castillo, María Peinado, Laura Gómez, Irene Llorente-Fernández, Gema Martín-Miguel, Carmen Herrero-Benito, José Miguel Benito, Norma Rallón, Carmen Vela-Olmo, Lissette López-Morejón, Carolina Cubillos-Zapata, Luis A Aguirre, Carlos Del Fresno, Eduardo López-Collazo
• Journal: Cell reports (Cell Rep) Vol. 38 Issue 2 Pg. 110235 (01 11 2022) ISSN: 2211-1247 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 34986327 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Antibodies, Neutralizing
• Antibodies, Viral
• COVID-19 Vaccines
• Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
• Vaccines, Synthetic
• mRNA Vaccines
• BNT162 Vaccine

Topics

• Animals
• Antibodies, Neutralizing (immunology)
• Antibodies, Viral (immunology)
• B-Lymphocytes (immunology, virology)
• BNT162 Vaccine (immunology)
• COVID-19 (immunology, virology)
• COVID-19 Vaccines (immunology)
• Chlorocebus aethiops
• Humans
• Immunity, Cellular (immunology)
• Immunity, Humoral (immunology)
• Leukocytes, Mononuclear (immunology, virology)
• Lymphocyte Activation (immunology)
• SARS-CoV-2 (immunology)
• Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus (immunology)
• Vaccination (methods)
• Vaccines, Synthetic (immunology)
• Vero Cells
• mRNA Vaccines (immunology)