d-Allulose Ameliorates Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

d-Allulose is a rare sugar with antiobesity and antidiabetic activities. However, its direct effect on insulin sensitivity and the underlying mechanism involved are unknown.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to investigate the effect of d-allulose on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (HE)-clamp method and intramuscular signaling analysis.

METHODS:

Wistar rats were randomly divided into three dietary groups: chow diet, HFD with 5% cellulose (HFC), and HFD with 5% d-allulose (HFA). After four weeks of feeding, the insulin tolerance test (ITT), intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), and HE-clamp study were performed. The levels of plasma leptin, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We analyzed the levels of cell signaling pathway components in the skeletal muscle using Western blotting.

RESULTS:

d-allulose alleviated the increase in HFD-induced body weight and visceral fat and reduced the area under the curve as per ITT and IPGTT. d-Allulose increased the glucose infusion rate in the two-step HE-clamp test. Consistently, the insulin-induced phosphorylation of serine 307 in the insulin receptor substrate-1 and Akt and expression of glucose transporter 4 (Glut-4) in the muscle were higher in the HFA group than HFC group. Furthermore, d-allulose decreased plasma TNF-α concentration and insulin-induced phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase/Jun N-terminal kinase in the muscle and inhibited adiponectin secretion in HFD-fed rats.

CONCLUSIONS:

d-allulose improved HFD-induced insulin resistance in Wistar rats. The reduction of the proinflammatory cytokine production, amelioration of adiponectin secretion, and increase in insulin signaling and Glut-4 expression in the muscle contributed to this effect.

• Authors: Yang Gou, Bingyang Liu, Mengyao Cheng, Takako Yamada, Tetsuo Iida, Sixian Wang, Ryoichi Banno, Teruhiko Koike
• Journal: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (Molecules) Vol. 26 Issue 20 (Oct 19 2021) ISSN: 1420-3049 [Electronic] Switzerland
• PMID: 34684891 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Cytokines
• Hypoglycemic Agents
• Insulin
• psicose
• Fructose
• Glucose

Topics

• Animals
• Cytokines (metabolism)
• Diet, High-Fat
• Fructose (pharmacology)
• Glucose (metabolism)
• Glucose Tolerance Test (methods)
• Hypoglycemic Agents (pharmacology)
• Inflammation (drug therapy, metabolism)
• Insulin (metabolism)
• Insulin Resistance (physiology)
• Male
• Muscle, Skeletal (drug effects, metabolism)
• Phosphorylation (drug effects)
• Rats
• Rats, Wistar
• Signal Transduction (drug effects)