Abstract |
Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that several neurological disorders are associated with the occurrence of central nervous system neuroinflammation. Metaxalone is an FDA-approved muscle relaxant that has been reported to inhibit monoamine oxidase A ( MAO-A). The aim of this study was to investigate whether metaxalone might exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in HMC3 microglial cells. An inflammatory phenotype was induced in HMC3 microglial cells through stimulation with interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Control cells and IL-1β-stimulated cells were subsequently treated with metaxalone (10, 20, and 40 µM) for six hours. IL-1β stimulated the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), but reduced the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-13 (IL-13). The upstream signal consisted of an increased priming of nuclear factor-kB ( NF-kB), blunted peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) expression. IL-1β also augmented MAO-A expression/activity and malondialdehyde levels and decreased Nrf2 mRNA expression and protein levels. Metaxalone decreased MAO-A activity and expression, reduced NF-kB, TNF-α, and IL-6, enhanced IL-13, and also increased PPARγ, PGC-1α, and Nrf2 expression. The present experimental study suggests that metaxalone has potential for the treatment of several neurological disorders associated with neuroinflammation.
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Authors | Giovanni Pallio, Angela D'Ascola, Luigi Cardia, Federica Mannino, Alessandra Bitto, Letteria Minutoli, Giacomo Picciolo, Violetta Squadrito, Natasha Irrera, Francesco Squadrito, Domenica Altavilla |
Journal | International journal of molecular sciences
(Int J Mol Sci)
Vol. 22
Issue 16
(Aug 05 2021)
ISSN: 1422-0067 [Electronic] Switzerland |
PMID | 34445126
(Publication Type: Journal Article)
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Chemical References |
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
- IL1B protein, human
- Interleukin-13
- Interleukin-1beta
- Interleukin-6
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
- Oxazolidinones
- PPAR gamma
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
- metaxalone
- Monoamine Oxidase
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Topics |
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
- Cell Line
- Humans
- Inflammation
(drug therapy, metabolism)
- Interleukin-13
(metabolism)
- Interleukin-1beta
(metabolism)
- Interleukin-6
(metabolism)
- Microglia
(drug effects, metabolism)
- Monoamine Oxidase
(metabolism)
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
(pharmacology)
- Oxazolidinones
(pharmacology)
- PPAR gamma
(metabolism)
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
(drug effects)
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
(metabolism)
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