Successful treatment with matched unrelated donor peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for very severe aplastic anemia in presence of active infections: A case report.

Abstract

RATIONALE:

Very severe aplastic anemia (vSAA) with active infections is always fatal. Adequate infection control before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is recommended.

PATIENT CONCERNS:

A 38-year-old woman with vSAA suffered from acute perforated appendicitis and invasive pulmonary fungal infection, and she failed to respond to intense antimicrobial therapies.

DIAGNOSIS:

She was diagnosed with refractory vSAA with stubborn acute perforated appendicitis and invasive pulmonary fungal infection.

INTERVENTIONS:

We successfully completed an emergent reduced intensity conditioning-matched unrelated donor (MUD)-peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) as a salvage therapy in the presence of active infections. The conditioning regimens consisted of reduced cyclophosphamide 30 mg/kg/day from day-5 to day-3, fludarabine 30 mg/m/day from day-5 to day-3 and porcine-antilymphocyte immunoglobulin 15 mg/kg/day from day-4 to day-2 without total body irradiation. Cyclosporin A, mycophenolate mofetil and short-term methotrexate were administered as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Neutrophils and platelets were engrafted on day+15 and day+21. Appendiceal abscess and severe pneumonia developed after neutrophil engraftment, which were successfully managed with intense antimicrobial therapy and surgical intervention.

OUTCOMES:

Only limited cutaneous chronic GVHD was observed 5 months after transplantation. The patient still lives in a good quality of life 2 years after transplantation.

LESSONS:

Active infections may be no longer a contraindication to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for some patients with vSAA.

• Authors: Yu-Rong Huang, Cai-Qin Xie, Jie-Feng Tong, Xiao-Hong Zhang, Yang Xu, Xiang-Gui Yuan
• Journal: Medicine (Medicine (Baltimore)) Vol. 99 Issue 14 Pg. e19807 (Apr 2020) ISSN: 1536-5964 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 32243414 (Publication Type: Case Reports, Journal Article)

Topics

• Acute Disease
• Adult
• Anemia, Aplastic (microbiology, therapy)
• Appendicitis (microbiology)
• Female
• Humans
• Lung Diseases, Fungal (microbiology)
• Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (methods)
• Unrelated Donors