Background and Purpose- Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a critical pathological feature after
stroke. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) maintains BBB integrity by regulating endothelial cell function during development. However, the role of miR-126-3p and -5p in BBB integrity after
stroke is unclear. Here, we investigated whether miR-126-3p and -5p overexpression regulates BBB integrity after
cerebral ischemia. Methods- A lentivirus carrying genes encoding miR-126-3p or -5p was stereotactically injected into adult male Institute of
Cancer Research mouse brains (n=36). Permanent
middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed 2 weeks after virus injection.
Brain infarct volume,
edema volume, and modified neurological severity score were assessed at 1 and 3 days after
ischemia. Immunostaining of ZO-1 (zonula occludens-1) and
occludin was used to evaluate BBB integrity. IL-1β (interleukin-1β), TNF-α (
tumor necrosis factor-α),
VCAM-1 (
vascular cell adhesion molecule-1), and
E-selectin expression levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Results- The expression of miR-126-3p and -5p decreased at 1 and 3 days after
ischemia (P<0.05). Injection of lentiviral miR-126-3p or -5p reduced
brain infarct volume and
edema volume (P<0.05) and attenuated the decrease in ZO-1/
occludin protein levels and
IgG leakage at 3 days after
stroke (P<0.05). Injection of lentiviral miR-126-5p improved behavioral outcomes at 3 days after
stroke (P<0.05). miR-126-3p and -5p overexpression downregulated the expression of proinflammatory
cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α and adhesion molecules
VCAM-1 and
E-selectin, as well as decreased MPO+ (
myeloperoxidase positive) cell numbers at 3 days after
ischemia (P<0.05). Conclusions- miR-126-3p and -5p overexpression reduced the expression of proinflammatory
cytokines and adhesion molecules, and attenuated BBB disruption after
ischemic stroke, suggesting that miR-126-3p and -5p are new therapeutic targets in the acute stage of
stroke.