Abstract |
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by skin inflammation, barrier dysfunction and chronic pruritus. In this review, recent advances in the pathogenesis of AD are summarized. Clinical efficacy of the anti-IL-4 receptor antibody dupilumab implies that type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 have pivotal roles in atopic inflammation. The expression of IL-4 and IL-13 as well as type 2 chemokines such as CCL17, CCL22 and CCL26 is increased in the lesional skin of AD. In addition, IL-4 and IL-13 down-regulate the expression of filaggrin in keratinocytes and exacerbate epidermal barrier dysfunction. Keratinocytes in barrier-disrupted epidermis produce large amounts of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-25 and IL-33, conducing to type 2 immune deviation via OX40L/OX40 signaling. IL-31, produced by type 2 T cells, is a cardinal pruritogenic cytokine. IL-4 and IL-13 also amplify the IL-31-mediated sensory nerve signal. These molecules are particularly important targets for future drug development for AD.
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Authors | Masutaka Furue, Dugarmaa Ulzii, Yen Hai Vu, Gaku Tsuji, Makiko Kido-Nakahara, Takeshi Nakahara |
Journal | Iranian journal of immunology : IJI
(Iran J Immunol)
Vol. 16
Issue 2
Pg. 97-107
(Jun 2019)
ISSN: 1735-367X [Electronic] Iran |
PMID | 31182684
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
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Chemical References |
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Cytokines
- FLG protein, human
- Filaggrin Proteins
- Intermediate Filament Proteins
- OX40 Ligand
- Receptors, Interleukin-4
- Receptors, OX40
- TNFRSF4 protein, human
- dupilumab
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Topics |
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
(therapeutic use)
- Cytokines
(metabolism)
- Dermatitis, Atopic
(drug therapy, immunology)
- Epidermis
(pathology)
- Filaggrin Proteins
- Humans
- Intermediate Filament Proteins
(metabolism)
- Keratinocytes
(physiology)
- OX40 Ligand
(metabolism)
- Receptors, Interleukin-4
(immunology)
- Receptors, OX40
(metabolism)
- Signal Transduction
- Th2 Cells
(immunology)
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