Allium hookeri root extract exerts anti-inflammatory effects by nuclear factor-κB down-regulation in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Allium hookeri (AH) is widely consumed as a vegetable and herbal medicine in southeastern Asia. AH has been reported antioxidant, antimicrobial, improvement of bone health and antidiabetic effects. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of a methanol extract of AH root (AHE) on inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells.

METHODS:

Initially, characterization of organic sulfur compounds in AHE was determined using high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). Cells were incubated with LPS and AHE for 24 h. The productions of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inflammation-related cytokines were examined. Gene and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were assessed by polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Key factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was also determined.

RESULTS:

AHE contained organosulfur compounds such as alliin and S-allylcysteine by HPLC-ESI-MS. AHE significantly inhibited NO, ROS, and cytokines production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. In addition, AHE treatment inhibited iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and protein levels, leading to a decrease in iNOS-derived NO level. Furthermore, NF-κB activation was, at least in part, suppressed by AHE treatment.

CONCLUSION:

Our data suggest that AHE treatment inhibits the inflammation condition through suppression of iNOS and COX-2 expression via NF-κB down-regulation.

• Authors: Ja-Young Jang, Min-Jung Lee, Bo-Ram You, Jong-Sik Jin, Sung-Hyen Lee, Ye-Rang Yun, Hyun Ju Kim
• Journal: BMC complementary and alternative medicine (BMC Complement Altern Med) Vol. 17 Issue 1 Pg. 126 (Feb 23 2017) ISSN: 1472-6882 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 28231786 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
• Lipopolysaccharides
• NF-kappa B
• Plant Extracts
• Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
• Nos2 protein, mouse
• Ptgs2 protein, mouse
• Cyclooxygenase 2

Topics

• Allium (chemistry)
• Animals
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal (isolation & purification, pharmacology)
• Cyclooxygenase 2 (metabolism)
• Down-Regulation
• Lipopolysaccharides
• Mice
• NF-kappa B (metabolism)
• Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II (metabolism)
• Plant Extracts (pharmacology)
• RAW 264.7 Cells