Maternal flaxseed oil intake during lactation changes body fat, inflammatory markers and glucose homeostasis in the adult progeny: role of gender dimorphism.

Abstract

We evaluated maternal flaxseed oil intake during lactation on body composition, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis and adipose tissue inflammation in male and female progeny at adulthood. Lactating rats were divided into the following: control 7% soybean oil (C), hyper 19% soybean oil (HS) and hyper 17% flaxseed oil+2% soybean oil (HF). Weaned pups received a standard diet. Offspring were killed in PN180. Male HF presented higher visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and triacylglycerol, and female HF showed insulin resistance. Both male and female HF had hyperleptinemia, and only male HF had hyperprolactinemia. In VAT, male HF presented lower PPAR-γ expressions and higher TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-10 expressions; in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), they presented lower PPAR-γ and TNF-α expressions. Female HF presented higher leptin, as well as lower adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β expressions in VAT and lower TNF-α in SAT. Flaxseed oil during lactation leads to gender-specific effects with more adiposity and dyslipidemia in male and insulin resistance in female. Higher prolactin and inflammatory cytokines in male could play a role in these gender differences. We suggest that the use of flaxseed oil during lactation increases metabolic syndrome risk in the adult progeny.

• Authors: Deysla Sabino Guarda, Egberto Gaspar de Moura, Janaíne Cavalcanti Carvalho, Adelina Martha Dos Reis, Patricia Novaes Soares, Patricia Cristina Lisboa, Mariana Sarto Figueiredo
• Journal: The Journal of nutritional biochemistry (J Nutr Biochem) Vol. 35 Pg. 74-80 (09 2016) ISSN: 1873-4847 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 27469994 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Biomarkers
• Inflammation Mediators
• Leptin
• PPAR gamma
• PPAR gamma, rat
• Linseed Oil

Topics

• Adiposity
• Animals
• Biomarkers (blood, metabolism)
• Diet, High-Fat (adverse effects)
• Dyslipidemias (etiology, immunology, metabolism, pathology)
• Female
• Hyperprolactinemia (etiology, immunology, metabolism, pathology)
• Inflammation Mediators (blood, metabolism)
• Insulin Resistance
• Intra-Abdominal Fat (immunology, metabolism, pathology)
• Lactation
• Leptin (blood)
• Linseed Oil (adverse effects)
• Male
• Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
• PPAR gamma (metabolism)
• Random Allocation
• Rats, Wistar
• Sex Factors
• Subcutaneous Fat (immunology, metabolism, pathology)