MAG-EPA reduces severity of DSS-induced colitis in rats.

Abstract

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease characterized by diffuse inflammation of the intestinal mucosa of the large bowel. Omega-3 (ω3) fatty acid supplementation has been associated with a decreased production of inflammatory cytokines involved in UC pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the preventive and therapeutic potential of eicosapentaenoic acid monoglyceride (MAG-EPA) in an in vivo rats model of UC induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). DSS rats were untreated or treated per os with MAG-EPA. Morphological, histological, and biochemical analyses were performed following MAG-EPA administrations. Morphological and histological analyses revealed that MAG-EPA pretreatment (12 days pre-DSS) and treatment (6 days post-DSS) exhibited strong activity in reducing severity of disease in DSS rats. Following MAG-EPA administrations, tissue levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were markedly lower compared with rats treated only with DSS. MAG-EPA per os administration decrease neutrophil infiltration in colon tissues, as depicted by myelohyperoxidase activity. Results also revealed a reduced activation of NF-κB pathways correlated with a decreased expression of COX-2 in colon homogenates derived from MAG-EPA-pretreated and treated rats. Tension measurements performed on colon tissues revealed that contractile responses to methacholine and relaxing effect induced by sodium nitroprusside were largely increased following MAG-EPA treatment. The combined treatment of MAG-EPA and vitamin E displayed an antagonistic effect on anti-inflammatory properties of MAG-EPA in DSS rats.

• Authors: Caroline Morin, Pierre U Blier, Samuel Fortin
• Journal: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology (Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol) Vol. 310 Issue 10 Pg. G808-21 (05 15 2016) ISSN: 1522-1547 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 27012773 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society.

Chemical References

• 1-eicosapentaenoylglycerol
• Interleukin-1beta
• Interleukin-6
• Monoglycerides
• NF-kappa B
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
• Dextran Sulfate
• Cyclooxygenase 2

Topics

• Animals
• Colitis, Ulcerative (drug therapy, etiology, prevention & control)
• Cyclooxygenase 2 (metabolism)
• Dextran Sulfate (toxicity)
• Interleukin-1beta (genetics, metabolism)
• Interleukin-6 (genetics, metabolism)
• Intestinal Mucosa (drug effects, metabolism)
• Monoglycerides (administration & dosage, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• NF-kappa B (metabolism)
• Rats
• Rats, Wistar
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (genetics, metabolism)