Immunohistochemical evaluation of midkine and nuclear factor-kappa B as diagnostic biomarkers for papillary thyroid cancer and synchronous metastasis.

Abstract

AIMS:

Midkine (MK) is a multifunctional cytokine identified to be a promising cancer biomarker. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is an important transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. We aimed to investigate values of MK and NF-κB as markers for diagnosis and synchronous metastasis prediction in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).

MAIN METHODS:

76 cases of PTC and 70 cases of multi-nodular goiter (MNG) were retrieved. The PTC group was further divided into subgroup 1 (16 cases with synchronous metastases) and subgroup 2 (60 cases without metastases). A retrospective review of demographic and clinical information was performed. Immunohistochemistry of MK, NF-κB p65 and Ki-67 was performed on paraffin-embedded specimens and results were quantified. Diagnostic values of the parameters were conducted by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Protein levels of MK and NF-κB p65 were then confirmed by Western blot.

KEY FINDINGS:

Immunoreactivities of MK, NF-κB p65 and Ki-67 were significantly higher in the PTC group than in the MNG group with good differential diagnostic capabilities. Moreover, immunoreactivities of all three parameters were significantly higher in subgroup 1 than in subgroup 2 with good synchronous metastasis predictive efficacies. Western blot showed that MK and NF-κB p65 protein levels in lesions from subgroup 1 were significantly higher than those from subgroup 2, both of which were significantly higher than in MNG lesions.

SIGNIFICANCE:

We discovered that MK and NF-κB immunohistochemistries can potentially be used for differential diagnosis between PTC and MNG, and for prediction of synchronous metastases.

• Authors: Yujie Zhang, Zhaowei Meng, Mingfang Zhang, Jian Tan, Weijun Tian, Xianghui He, Qiang Fu, Ke Xu, Qing He, Mei Zhu, Xue Li, Guizhi Zhang, Yajing He, Qiang Jia, Jianping Zhang, Sheng Wang, Xinghua Song
• Journal: Life sciences (Life Sci) Vol. 118 Issue 1 Pg. 39-45 (Nov 18 2014) ISSN: 1879-0631 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 25283079 (Publication Type: Evaluation Study, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Biomarkers, Tumor
• Ki-67 Antigen
• MDK protein, human
• Nerve Growth Factors
• RELA protein, human
• Transcription Factor RelA
• Midkine

Topics

• Adult
• Biomarkers, Tumor (analysis, metabolism)
• Carcinoma (metabolism, pathology)
• Carcinoma, Papillary
• Female
• Goiter, Nodular (metabolism)
• Humans
• Immunohistochemistry (methods)
• Ki-67 Antigen (metabolism)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Midkine
• Nerve Growth Factors (analysis, metabolism)
• Predictive Value of Tests
• Retrospective Studies
• Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
• Thyroid Neoplasms (metabolism, pathology)
• Transcription Factor RelA (analysis, metabolism)