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Understanding and communicating the benefits and risks of denosumab, raloxifene, and teriparatide for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Abstract
The number needed to treat is a valuable metric to determine the benefit of therapy, but it must be viewed against the respective number needed to harm. Denosumab and teriparatide (TPTD) have proven antifracture efficacy at vertebral and nonvertebral sites, whereas raloxifene has proven antifracture efficacy at the spine only. Denosumab use has been associated with a small, yet statistically significant, increased incidence of eczema and serious cellulitis. Raloxifene use has been associated with statistically significant increases in the risk of venous thromboembolism and possibly deadly stroke, although not an increase in total strokes. No significant, nontransient adverse events have been reported with TPTD use. When used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, denosumab, raloxifene, and TPTD all generally have favorable risk-to-benefit profiles, but therapy-specific contraindications necessitate thoughtful consideration of all available clinical information and individualization of treatment decisions.
AuthorsE Michael Lewiecki, Paul D Miller, Steve T Harris, Douglas C Bauer, K Shawn Davison, Larry Dian, David A Hanley, Michael R McClung, Chui K Yuen, David L Kendler
JournalJournal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (J Clin Densitom) 2014 Oct-Dec Vol. 17 Issue 4 Pg. 490-5 ISSN: 1094-6950 [Print] United States
PMID24206867 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
CopyrightCopyright © 2014 The International Society for Clinical Densitometry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chemical References
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Bone Density Conservation Agents
  • Teriparatide
  • Denosumab
  • Raloxifene Hydrochloride
Topics
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
  • Bone Density Conservation Agents (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
  • Denosumab
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal (drug therapy)
  • Osteoporotic Fractures (prevention & control)
  • Patient Education as Topic
  • Physician-Patient Relations
  • Raloxifene Hydrochloride (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
  • Risk Assessment
  • Teriparatide (adverse effects, therapeutic use)

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