Associations between demographic variables and multiple measles-specific innate and cell-mediated immune responses after measles vaccination.

Abstract

Measles remains a public health concern due to a lack of vaccine use and vaccine failure. A better understanding of the factors that influence variations in immune responses, including innate/inflammatory and adaptive cellular immune responses, following measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination could increase our knowledge of measles vaccine-induced immunity and potentially lead to better vaccines. Measles-specific innate/inflammatory and adaptive cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses were characterized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to quantify the levels of secreted IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, and TNF-α in PBMC cultures following in vitro stimulation with measles virus (MV) in a cohort of 764 school-aged children. IFN-γ ELISPOT assays were performed to ascertain the number of measles-specific IFN-γ-secreting cells. Cytokine responses were then tested for associations with self-declared demographic data, including gender, race, and ethnicity. Females secreted significantly more TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-α (p<0.001, p<0.002, p<0.04, respectively) compared to males. Caucasians secreted significantly more IFN-λ1, IL-10, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-α (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.003, p<0.01, and p<0.02, respectively) compared to the other racial groups combined. Additionally, Caucasians had a greater number of IFN-γ-secreting cells compared to other racial groups (p<0.001). Ethnicity was not significantly correlated with variations in measles-specific CMI measures. Our data suggest that innate/inflammatory and CMI cytokine responses to measles vaccine vary significantly by gender and race. These data further advance our understanding regarding inter-individual and subgroup variations in immune responses to measles vaccination.

• Authors: Benjamin J Umlauf, Iana H Haralambieva, Inna G Ovsyannikova, Richard B Kennedy, V Shane Pankratz, Robert M Jacobson, Gregory A Poland
• Journal: Viral immunology (Viral Immunol) Vol. 25 Issue 1 Pg. 29-36 (Feb 2012) ISSN: 1557-8976 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 22239234 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)

Chemical References

• Cytokines
• Measles Vaccine
• Interferon-gamma

Topics

• Adolescent
• Child
• Cohort Studies
• Cytokines
• Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
• Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay
• Female
• Humans
• Immunity, Cellular
• Immunity, Innate
• Interferon-gamma
• Leukocytes, Mononuclear (immunology)
• Male
• Measles (ethnology, immunology, prevention & control)
• Measles Vaccine (administration & dosage, immunology)
• Measles virus (immunology)
• Minnesota
• Sex Factors
• Socioeconomic Factors
• Vaccination
• White People
• Young Adult