Abstract |
In order to identify cytokines that may be useful as candidates for inclusion in diagnostic tests for Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle, we compared the levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in whole-blood cultures from tuberculosis (TB) reactor animals or TB-free controls following stimulation with M. bovis-specific antigens (purified protein derivative from M. bovis [ PPD-B] or ESAT-6/CFP-10). In addition to IFN-γ responses, the production of IL-1β and TNF-α was also statistically significantly elevated in TB reactor cattle over that in uninfected controls following stimulation with PPD-B or ESAT-6/CFP-10 peptides. Thus, we evaluated whether the use of these two additional readouts could disclose further animals not detected by measuring IFN-γ alone. To this end, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to define diagnostic cutoffs for positivity for TNF-α and IL-1β. These results revealed that for ESAT-6/CFP-10-induced responses, the use of all three readouts (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in parallel increased the sensitivity of detection of M. bovis-infected animals by 11% but also resulted in a specificity decrease of 14%. However, applying only IFN-γ and IL-1β in parallel resulted in a 5% increase in sensitivity without the corresponding loss of specificity. The results for PPD-B-induced responses were similar, although the loss of specificity was more pronounced, even when only IFN-γ and IL-1β were used as readout systems. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the use of an additional readout system, such as IL-1β, can potentially complement IFN-γ by increasing overall test sensitivity for the detection of M. bovis infection in cattle.
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Authors | Gareth J Jones, Chris Pirson, R Glyn Hewinson, H Martin Vordermeier |
Journal | Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI
(Clin Vaccine Immunol)
Vol. 17
Issue 12
Pg. 1946-51
(Dec 2010)
ISSN: 1556-679X [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 20926697
(Publication Type: Evaluation Study, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Antigens, Bacterial
- Bacterial Proteins
- CFP-10 protein, Mycobacterium bovis
- Interleukin-1beta
- Tuberculin
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
- Interferon-gamma
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Topics |
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial
(immunology)
- Bacterial Proteins
(immunology)
- Bacteriological Techniques
(methods)
- Blood
(immunology)
- Cattle
- Cells, Cultured
- Immunoassay
- Interferon-gamma
(metabolism)
- Interleukin-1beta
(metabolism)
- Mycobacterium bovis
(immunology, isolation & purification)
- ROC Curve
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Tuberculin
(immunology)
- Tuberculosis, Bovine
(diagnosis, immunology)
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
(metabolism)
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