Cyclooxygenase-1 is a potential target for prevention and treatment of ovarian epithelial cancer.

Abstract

The precise genetic and molecular defects underlying epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remain largely unknown, and treatment options for patients with advanced disease are limited. Cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Whereas overwhelming evidence suggests a role for COX-2 in a variety of cancers, the contribution of COX-1 remains much less explored. The expression status of COX isoforms in ovarian cancers also remains confusing. We have previously shown that human epithelial ovarian tumors have increased levels of COX-1 but not COX-2. To more carefully examine the role of COXs in ovarian cancer, we used a mouse model of EOC in which genetic and oncogenic modifications were experimentally engineered into ovarian surface epithelial cells (OSE) thought to be the cells of origin for human EOC. These OSE cells produce tumors when allografted into host mice. Using multiple approaches, we observed that OSE cells and the tumors comprised of these cells express high levels of COX-1 but not COX-2. Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) is the major prostaglandin generated downstream of COX-1 in these cells, and SC-560, a COX-1-selective inhibitor, dramatically inhibits PGI(2) production. More importantly, SC-560 reduced the growth of tumors when OSE cells were allografted in nude female mice. In contrast, the COX-2-selective inhibitor celecoxib had little effect on tumor growth. The growth inhibitory effects of SC-560 result from reduced cell proliferation and/or accelerated apoptosis. Our results imply COX-1 as a target for the prevention and/or treatment of EOC.

• Authors: Takiko Daikoku, Dingzhi Wang, Susanne Tranguch, Jason D Morrow, Sandra Orsulic, Raymond N DuBois, Sudhansu K Dey
• Journal: Cancer research (Cancer Res) Vol. 65 Issue 9 Pg. 3735-44 (May 01 2005) ISSN: 0008-5472 [Print] United States
• PMID: 15867369 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)

Chemical References

• Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
• Membrane Proteins
• Pyrazoles
• SC 560
• Epoprostenol
• Cyclooxygenase 1
• Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
• Ptgs1 protein, mouse
• Dinoprostone

Topics

• Animals
• Apoptosis (drug effects)
• Cell Growth Processes (drug effects)
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Cyclooxygenase 1
• Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors (pharmacology)
• Dinoprostone (biosynthesis)
• Epoprostenol (biosynthesis)
• Female
• Membrane Proteins
• Mice
• Mice, Nude
• Ovarian Neoplasms (drug therapy, enzymology, pathology, prevention & control)
• Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases (biosynthesis, metabolism)
• Pyrazoles (pharmacology)
• Substrate Specificity