Lennox Gastaut Syndrome

A childhood-onset epilepsy syndrome.

Also Known As:

Lennox Gastaut Syndromes; Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

Networked: 668 relevant articles (106 outcomes, 130 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Nervous System Diseases: 14178
- Central Nervous System Diseases: 4213
  - Brain Diseases: 15694
    - Epilepsy: 37791
      - Epileptic Syndromes: 883
        Lennox Gastaut Syndrome: 668
        Lennox-Gastaut type Epileptic encephalopathy
Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities: 933
- Inborn Genetic Diseases: 11939
  - Lennox Gastaut Syndrome: 668
    - Lennox-Gastaut type Epileptic encephalopathy

Related Diseases

1.	Seizures (Absence Seizure)
2.	Myoclonic Epilepsies (Myoclonic Encephalopathy)
3.	Infantile Spasms (West Syndrome)
4.	Epilepsy (Aura)
5.	Partial Epilepsies (Epilepsy, Partial)

Experts

1.	Kim, Heung Dong: 12 articles (12/2021 - 03/2008)
2.	Devinsky, Orrin: 10 articles (01/2022 - 01/2008)
3.	Striano, Pasquale: 10 articles (01/2022 - 06/2016)
4.	Kang, Hoon-Chul: 10 articles (12/2021 - 03/2008)
5.	Verrotti, Alberto: 9 articles (01/2022 - 11/2010)
6.	Isojarvi, Jouko: 9 articles (01/2018 - 12/2012)
7.	Wheless, James W: 9 articles (01/2018 - 01/2004)
8.	Perucca, Emilio: 8 articles (01/2022 - 07/2008)
9.	Lee, Deborah: 8 articles (06/2016 - 12/2012)
10.	Ng, Yu-Tze: 8 articles (05/2015 - 05/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Lennox Gastaut Syndrome:

1.	Lamotrigine (Lamictal)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1999 - " (4) In patients with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, the addiction of lamotrigine to an ongoing inadequately effective treatment proved more effective than a placebo in two methodologically sound trials. " 07/01/2000 - "In one placebo-controlled study, 33% of children and young adults (aged 3 to 25 years) with refractory Lennox-Gastaut syndrome had a reduction in seizure frequency of > or = 50% after 16 weeks of adjunctive lamotrigine treatment, compared with 16% of placebo recipients (p = 0.01). " 11/01/1995 - "This brief report describes the effects of lamotrigine on 12 patients with the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome in an open, uncontrolled study. " 11/01/1995 - "Lamotrigine is an extremely useful adjunct in the management of the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. " 11/01/1995 - "Lamotrigine use in twelve patients with the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome."
2.	rufinamide FDA Link 09/09/2021 - "Safety and efficacy of rufinamide in children and adults with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: A post hoc analysis from Study 022." 05/01/2012 - "To evaluate the efficacy of rufinamide as an add-on treatment in children and adolescents with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). " 06/01/2019 - "Novel seizure outcomes in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: Post hoc analysis of seizure-free days in rufinamide Study 303." 01/01/2019 - "Evaluation of long-term safety, tolerability, and behavioral outcomes with adjunctive rufinamide in pediatric patients (≥1 to <4 years old) with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: Final results from randomized study 303." 02/01/2018 - "Rufinamide for the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: evidence from clinical trials and clinical practice."
3.	Felbamate (Felbatol)FDA Link 01/01/1993 - "Felbamate is beneficial in patients with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome." 01/01/1993 - "We studied the efficacy of felbamate in 73 patients ranging in age from 4 to 36 years who had the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. " 03/01/1997 - "Felbamate was also the first drug to be tested in a placebo-controlled trial in children with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. " 01/01/1993 - "Felbamate in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: results of a 12-month open-label study following a randomized clinical trial." 01/01/2001 - "Felbamate remains indicated as third line drug in refractory Lennox-Gastaut syndrome provided blood parameters are controlled. "
4.	CannabidiolIBA 01/01/2021 - "Long-term safety and efficacy of add-on cannabidiol in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: Results of a long-term open-label extension trial." 01/01/2019 - "Patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) who completed 1 of 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of add-on cannabidiol (CBD) (GWPCARE3, NCT02224560 or GWPCARE4, NCT02224690) were invited to enroll in an open-label extension (OLE) study evaluating the long-term safety and efficacy of CBD (GWPCARE5, NCT02224573). " 01/01/2023 - "Caregivers' Perspectives on the Impact of Cannabidiol (CBD) Treatment for Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut Syndromes: A Multinational Qualitative Study." 01/01/2023 - "Seizure-free days as a novel outcome in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: Post hoc analysis of patients receiving cannabidiol in two randomized controlled trials." 01/01/2021 - "To estimate time to onset of cannabidiol (CBD) treatment effect (seizure reduction and adverse events [AEs]), we conducted post hoc analyses of data from two randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 trials, GWPCARE3 (NCT02224560) and GWPCARE4 (NCT02224690), of patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. "
5.	Anticonvulsants (Antiepileptic Drugs)IBA 01/01/2020 - "The two large randomized controlled studies assessing the efficacy of pharmaceutical-grade CBD in children with Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes showed similar efficacy to other anticonvulsants. " 01/01/1994 - "First, FBM is the first antiepileptic drug (AED) to have been submitted to a controlled efficacy study in patients with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) before being submitted for regulatory approval. " 01/01/2020 - "The knock-in mouse will be useful for further investigation of the mechanisms of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome development and for the development of new antiepileptic drugs and treatments." 01/01/2018 - "Given the complexities managing Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)-comorbid conditions, multiple associated seizure types that tend to be refractory to treatment-dosage optimization of antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment is a challenge. " 02/01/2015 - "Mechanism of seizure refractoriness to antiepileptic drugs in children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is not known. "
6.	Topiramate (Topamax)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2002 - "Topiramate as add-on drug in children, adolescents and young adults with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: an Italian multicentric study." 06/10/1999 - "A double-blind, randomized trial of topiramate in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. " 01/01/2000 - "Topiramate in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: open-label treatment of patients completing a randomized controlled trial. " 06/01/1999 - "A pilot study of topiramate in children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome." 09/01/2002 - "The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topiramate (TPM) as adjunctive therapy in children, adolescents and young adults with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). "
7.	Clobazam (HR 376)IBA 05/01/2014 - "The two randomized, controlled studies that led to the US FDA approval, as well as the follow-up multicenter, open-label study of clobazam, showed ≥50% seizure reduction for more than 50% of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome patients, while none of the other FDA-approved treatments for LGS have demonstrated efficacy rates better than 50%. " 12/01/2012 - "Long-term safety and efficacy of clobazam for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: interim results of an open-label extension study." 11/01/2012 - "Results from a dosage-ranging, double-blind, multi-centre, phase II trial add further support for the efficacy of clobazam in paediatric and adult patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (n = 61 evaluable). " 04/01/2014 - "To determine long-term safety and efficacy of adjunctive clobazam for patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). " 11/01/2019 - "Pharmacokinetic data were combined from 3 CLB trials (OV-1012, OV-1017, and study 301) and a simulated study (study 401) for a total of 1306 CLB and 1305 N-desmethyl clobazam (N-CLB) samples from 193 Lennox-Gastaut syndrome patients and healthy subjects aged 6 months to 45 years. "
8.	Vigabatrin FDA Link 09/01/1994 - "Gamma-vinyl-GABA (vigabatrin) in the therapy of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: an open study." 11/01/1993 - "A less consistent response has been found between studies evaluating vigabatrin in children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, although, overall, approximately 50% of these patients have also shown a greater than 50% decrease in seizures. " 01/01/2023 - "Pre-symptomatic administration of vigabatrin, a GABAergic drug, delays seizure onset and reduces the risk of a subsequent epileptic encephalopathy, such as infantile spasms syndrome or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. " 11/01/1994 - "This study shows that vigabatrin is effective in the treatment of refractory epilepsy, especially in West syndrome secondary to Tuberous Sclerosis, partial epilepsy, and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. " 03/01/1996 - "Children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome may respond to treatment with Lamotrigine or Vigabatrin. "
9.	Levetiracetam (Keppra)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2014 - "This study suggests that levetiracetam is a safe and effective treatment in pediatric patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome." 10/01/2014 - "The study was an open-label, multicenter, observational clinical trial of levetiracetam as an add-on treatment in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. " 10/01/2014 - "Our aim was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam as an add-on treatment in pediatric patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. " 10/01/2014 - "Adjunctive levetiracetam treatment in pediatric Lennox-Gastaut syndrome." 06/01/2011 - "Levetiracetam efficacy in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. "
10.	FenfluramineIBA 01/01/2023 - "This study was undertaken to evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of fenfluramine in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). " 10/01/2018 - "A pilot, open-label study of the effectiveness and tolerability of low-dose ZX008 (fenfluramine HCl) in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome." 08/01/2023 - "Correction to: Fenfluramine: A Review in Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut Syndromes." 07/01/2023 - "Fenfluramine: A Review in Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut Syndromes." 01/01/2023 - "Fenfluramine provides clinically meaningful reduction in frequency of drop seizures in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: Interim analysis of an open-label extension study."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/1993 - "FBM is also effective and safe as add-on therapy for children and adults with refractory Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. " 01/01/2017 - "This study aimed to investigate the functional network effects of corpus callosotomy (CC), a well-recognized palliative surgical therapy for patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). " 01/01/2023 - "Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Current Treatments, Novel Therapeutics, and Future Directions." 02/01/2022 - "Data are limited on efficacy and safety of CLB as add-on therapy for epileptic encephalopaties (EEs) other than Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). " 01/01/2021 - "Therapy of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome."
2.	Vagus Nerve Stimulation 10/12/2023 - "Added value of corpus callosotomy following vagus nerve stimulation in children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: A multicenter, multinational study." 08/01/2001 - "Effects of 6 months of treatment with vagus nerve stimulation on behavior in children with lennox-gastaut syndrome in an open clinical and nonrandomized study." 11/27/2023 - "Perianaesthetic management on a child with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome for vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) placement." 04/01/2023 - "Callosotomy vs Vagus Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis." 05/01/2021 - "Vagus nerve stimulation in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: A meta-analysis."
3.	Ketogenic Diet 12/01/2016 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the ketogenic diet (KD) on the clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) features of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and explore the relationships between EEG changes and clinical efficacy. " 05/01/2012 - "To determine the efficacy of the ketogenic diet for children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) at our institution and in the literature. " 05/01/2012 - "Efficacy of the ketogenic diet in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: a retrospective review of one institution's experience and summary of the literature." 11/23/2022 - "Ketogenic Diets in the Management of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome-Review of Literature." 01/01/2021 - "Efficacy and safety of corpus callosotomy and ketogenic diet in children with Lennox Gastaut syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis."
4.	High-Protein Low-Carbohydrate Diet (Atkins Diet) 04/01/2015 - "The modified Atkins diet was found to be effective and well tolerated in children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. " 04/01/2015 - "This study was a retrospective review of children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome treated with the modified Atkins diet from May 2009 and March 2011. " 04/01/2015 - "There is scanty data regarding the efficacy and tolerability of the modified Atkins diet in children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. " 04/01/2015 - "Use of the modified Atkins diet in Lennox Gastaut syndrome." 02/01/2014 - "Here, we report a 7-year-old boy with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome combined with mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I deficiency, whose medically intractable seizures have been successfully controlled with a PUFA-enriched modified Atkins diet without any significant adverse events. "
5.	Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation 08/01/2022 - "Safety and efficacy of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with Lennox Gastaut Syndrome: An open-label, prospective, single-center, single-blinded, pilot study." 01/01/2016 - "Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Treatment of Childhood Pharmacoresistant Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A Pilot Study."