Ocular Paraneoplastic Syndromes

Ocular manifestations secondary to various NEOPLASMS in which antibodies to antigens of the primary tumor cross-react with ocular antigens. This autoimmune response often leads to visual loss and other ocular dysfunctions.

Also Known As:

Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Ocular; Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation, Paraneoplastic; Cancer-Associated Retinopathy; Melanoma-Associated Retinopathy; Paraneoplastic Diseases, Ocular; Paraneoplastic Melanocytic Proliferation; Cancer Associated Retinopathy; Cancer-Associated Retinopathies; Disease, Ocular Paraneoplastic; Diseases, Ocular Paraneoplastic; Melanocytic Proliferation, Paraneoplastic; Melanocytic Proliferations, Paraneoplastic; Melanoma Associated Retinopathy; Melanoma-Associated Retinopathies; Ocular Paraneoplastic Disease; Ocular Paraneoplastic Diseases; Ocular Paraneoplastic Syndrome; Paraneoplastic Disease, Ocular; Paraneoplastic Melanocytic Proliferations; Paraneoplastic Syndrome, Ocular; Retinopathies, Cancer-Associated; Retinopathies, Melanoma-Associated; Retinopathy, Cancer-Associated; Retinopathy, Melanoma-Associated; Syndrome, Ocular Paraneoplastic; Syndromes, Ocular Paraneoplastic

Networked: 204 relevant articles (6 outcomes, 11 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Retinal Degeneration
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
3.	Melanoma (Melanoma, Malignant)
4.	Ocular Paraneoplastic Syndromes
5.	Paraneoplastic Syndromes (Paraneoplastic Syndrome)

Experts

1.	Adamus, Grazyna: 20 articles (01/2020 - 07/2002)
2.	Ohguro, Hiroshi: 13 articles (12/2020 - 01/2002)
3.	Ueno, Shinji: 9 articles (11/2021 - 01/2011)
4.	Kondo, Mineo: 6 articles (11/2021 - 01/2011)
5.	Bazhin, Alexandr V: 6 articles (02/2012 - 09/2003)
6.	Duvoisin, Robert M: 5 articles (01/2020 - 03/2006)
7.	Philippov, Pavel P: 5 articles (02/2012 - 09/2003)
8.	Nakazawa, Mitsuru: 5 articles (01/2010 - 01/2002)
9.	Maeda, A: 5 articles (10/2001 - 04/2000)
10.	Ohguro, H: 5 articles (10/2001 - 04/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Ocular Paraneoplastic Syndromes:

1.	RecoverinIBA 08/01/2019 - "Recoverin antibody seemed to be specifically present in the serum of patients with cancer-associated retinopathy. " 01/01/2002 - "Pathological roles of recoverin in cancer-associated retinopathy." 08/01/1998 - "Cancer-associated retinopathy vs recoverin-associated retinopathy." 08/01/1998 - "A cellular immune response against recoverin was found only in the patient with the condition resembling cancer-associated retinopathy. " 01/01/1993 - "Chromosomal assignment of the recoverin gene and cancer-associated retinopathy."
2.	Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG)FDA Link 03/01/2008 - "Improvement in visual fields in a patient with melanoma-associated retinopathy treated with intravenous immunoglobulin." 02/17/2021 - "Cancer-Associated Retinopathy and Treatment with Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy. " 11/01/2022 - "This is the first reported case of the utility of triple therapy with rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin, and intravitreal steroids for successful management of melanoma-associated retinopathy as demonstrated by improvement in acuity, symptoms, visual fields, and electroretinography." 11/01/2022 - "The purpose of this report is to describe the excellent response of a patient with melanoma-associated retinopathy to a triple therapy regimen of rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin, and intravitreal corticosteroids. " 11/01/2022 - "TRIPLE THERAPY WITH RITUXIMAB, INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN, AND INTRAVITREAL CORTICOSTEROIDS FOR MELANOMA-ASSOCIATED RETINOPATHY: TTRIIC DOES THE TRICK."
3.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 10/01/2001 - "Retinal dysfunction in cancer-associated retinopathy is improved by Ca(2+) antagonist administration and dark adaptation." 12/01/2019 - "Ten paraneoplastic retinopathy patients with retinal ON-bipolar cell dysfunction, including six melanoma-associated retinopathy, from eight institutions in Japan were evaluated for the presence of an anti-TRPM1 antibody. " 12/01/2017 - "Cancer associated retinopathy is a paraneoplastic disease that results in damage to retinal structures through an autoimmune response. " 04/01/2017 - "The first patient showed marked diffuse retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thinning on OCT due to cancer-associated retinopathy. " 06/01/2016 - "This is in contrast to patients who develop melanoma associated retinopathy (MAR) who are very symptomatic early in the disease, but with more subtle retinal findings. "
4.	AntibodiesIBA 02/01/1997 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the role of antirecoverin antibodies in cancer-associated retinopathy. " 11/01/2015 - "Auto-antibodies assist with the diagnosis of ocular paraneoplastic syndromes and autoimmune ocular conditions; however, the frequency of positive test results as a possible precursor to future disease is unknown. " 06/01/2011 - "We report a case of melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR) associated with positive auto-antibodies against retinal bipolar cells, which has been rarely reported in Japan. " 06/01/2011 - "[Case report of melanoma-associated retinopathy associated with positive auto-antibodies against retinal bipolar cells]." 07/01/2002 - "Melanoma-associated retinopathy can be related to a variety of antiretinal antibodies. "
5.	SteroidsIBA 05/01/2011 - "When cancer-associated retinopathy is suspected, a comparatively large quantity of steroids and anticancer treatment should be combined immediately." 12/01/2020 - "To report clinical course of a patient with cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) medicated by steroid therapy, focusing on retinal degeneration progression. " 12/01/2017 - "To report a case of unilateral cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) with clinical, serological and electroretinogram (ERG) normalization after aggressive cancer treatment combined with steroids and rituximab. " 06/01/2020 - "A Case of Melanoma-Associated Retinopathy, Uveitis, and Optic Neuritis Associated With Pembrolizumab, Managed With Topical, Intravitreal, and Intravenous Steroids." 11/01/2022 - "This is the first reported case of the utility of triple therapy with rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin, and intravitreal steroids for successful management of melanoma-associated retinopathy as demonstrated by improvement in acuity, symptoms, visual fields, and electroretinography."
6.	Rituximab (Mabthera)FDA Link 11/01/2013 - "Treatment of cancer-associated retinopathy with rituximab." 04/01/2013 - "Intravenous rituximab for the treatment of cancer-associated retinopathy." 12/01/2017 - "To report a case of unilateral cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) with clinical, serological and electroretinogram (ERG) normalization after aggressive cancer treatment combined with steroids and rituximab. " 11/01/2022 - "This is the first reported case of the utility of triple therapy with rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin, and intravitreal steroids for successful management of melanoma-associated retinopathy as demonstrated by improvement in acuity, symptoms, visual fields, and electroretinography." 11/01/2022 - "The purpose of this report is to describe the excellent response of a patient with melanoma-associated retinopathy to a triple therapy regimen of rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin, and intravitreal corticosteroids. "
7.	Peptides (Polypeptides)IBA 01/01/2020 - "These autoantibodies are common in patients with cancer associated retinopathy, where they exert pathogenic effects, and may be triggered by immunodominant peptides within the ENO1 sequence or by posttranslational modifications. " 11/10/2020 - "There are two main pathophysiology arms: (1) autoimmune pathomechanism, which is presented with cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR), melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR), cancer-associated cone dysfunction (CACD), paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy (PVM), and paraneoplastic optic neuritis (PON), and (2) ectopic peptides, which is often caused by tumor-expressed growth factors (T-exGF) and presented with bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP). " 08/10/2006 - "To assess the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) pathway in the recoverin peptide (R64; AYAQHVFRSF) mouse model of cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) and to assess the protective effects of subconjunctival triamcinalone injections in this model. "
8.	Alemtuzumab (Campath)FDA Link 07/01/2007 - "Successful treatment of cancer-associated retinopathy with alemtuzumab." 07/01/2007 - "We herein report a patient with cancer-associated retinopathy who experienced multiple bouts of paraneoplastic retinopathy and optic neuropathy but responded to treatments with alemtuzumab and was able to maintain useful vision over the course of 8 years of follow-up." 11/01/2007 - "Calcium-channel blockers and alemtuzumab have been found to improve visual function in cancer-associated retinopathy. "
9.	CTLA-4 AntigenIBA 08/10/2006 - "To assess the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) pathway in the recoverin peptide (R64; AYAQHVFRSF) mouse model of cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) and to assess the protective effects of subconjunctival triamcinalone injections in this model. "
10.	Calcium Channel Blockers (Blockers, Calcium Channel)IBA 11/01/2007 - "Calcium-channel blockers and alemtuzumab have been found to improve visual function in cancer-associated retinopathy. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 11/01/2022 - "Melanoma-associated retinopathy responds poorly to currently-available therapies, with continued chronic decline in visual function being the norm, despite treatment. " 07/01/2011 - "Cancer-associated retinopathy: update on pathogenesis and therapy." 03/01/2022 - "Programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor antibody immune therapy has been widely used for treating solid tumors, and cancer-associated retinopathy after the anti-PD1 treatment have not been reported yet. " 09/01/2021 - "We report a case of combination therapy presenting with chorioretinal scarring and subsequent CNV in a patient with melanoma-associated retinopathy, a rare yet important adverse effect." 03/01/2022 - "Cancer-associated retinopathy, as well as uveitis and optic neuropathy, might arise after anti-PD-1 therapy."
2.	Injections 08/10/2006 - "To assess the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) pathway in the recoverin peptide (R64; AYAQHVFRSF) mouse model of cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) and to assess the protective effects of subconjunctival triamcinalone injections in this model. "
3.	Immunotherapy 06/01/2022 - "Immunotherapy-induced retinopathy mimicking cancer associated retinopathy." 12/01/2022 - "Melanoma-associated retinopathy after starting immunotherapy for metastatic cutaneous melanoma." 01/01/2022 - "Case 1 developed photopsia and nyctalopia with electroretinographic findings characteristic for melanoma-associated retinopathy 1 week after initiating ipilimumab/nivolumab immunotherapy. "
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 05/01/2013 - "Paraneoplastic vitelliform retinopathy may appear concomitantly with the development of distant metastases years after treatment of a ciliochoroidal melanoma and may present with symptoms resembling melanoma-associated retinopathy and electroretinogram findings. " 12/01/2017 - "Recovery of outer retinal laminations on optical coherence tomography after treatment of cancer associated retinopathy." 09/01/2021 - "Normalization of electroretinogram and symptom resolution of melanoma-associated retinopathy with negative autoantibodies after treatment with programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors for metastatic melanoma."
5.	Intravitreal Injections 12/01/2003 - "Intravitreal injection of melanoma-associated retinopathy serum produced electroretinogram changes in animals very similar to the clinical findings in humans. " 01/01/2021 - "Melanoma-associated retinopathy during pembrolizumab treatment probably controlled by intravitreal injections of dexamethasone."