Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that develops in childhood and is characterized as recurrent disobedient, overall negative or agitated mood, a quarrelsome attitude or being vengeful toward authority figures. Unlike in conduct disorder defiant behaviors in oppositional defiant disorders typically do not involve aggression, destruction, theft, or deceit. Oppositional defiant disorder, CONDUCT DISORDER and ATTENTION DEFICIT AND HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER sometimes co-occur.

Also Known As:

Networked: 237 relevant articles (25 outcomes, 53 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
2.	Conduct Disorder (Conduct Disorders)
3.	Anxiety Disorders (Anxiety Disorder)
4.	Major Depressive Disorder (Major Depressive Disorders)
5.	Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders (Disruptive Behavior Disorder)

Experts

1.	Masi, Gabriele: 8 articles (01/2019 - 08/2006)
2.	Arnold, L Eugene: 6 articles (03/2022 - 10/2003)
3.	Zuddas, Alessandro: 4 articles (10/2020 - 03/2006)
4.	Golubchik, Pavel: 4 articles (01/2019 - 06/2017)
5.	Pfanner, Chiara: 4 articles (01/2019 - 08/2006)
6.	Weizman, Abraham: 4 articles (01/2019 - 06/2017)
7.	Milone, Annarita: 4 articles (10/2017 - 10/2013)
8.	Aman, Michael G: 4 articles (09/2014 - 01/2004)
9.	Gadow, Kenneth D: 4 articles (09/2014 - 09/2008)
10.	Eyberg, Sheila M: 4 articles (02/2010 - 09/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Oppositional Defiant Disorder:

1.	Atomoxetine Hydrochloride (Strattera)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2008 - "It remains uncertain, however, whether atomoxetine exerts a specific and enduring effect on oppositional defiant disorder symptoms." 02/01/2008 - "Repeated-measures analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference favoring atomoxetine over placebo in the reduction of Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale-Revised oppositional defiant disorder total scores. " 08/01/2004 - "Treatment with atomoxetine, lower HRQL baseline score, no history of stimulant use, and absence of oppositional defiant disorder were all associated with improvements in psychosocial functioning. " 09/01/2009 - "Therapy with atomoxetine has been associated with statistically significant improvements in symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in most, but not all, studies. " 02/01/2008 - "This study confirms previous findings that patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder show statistically and clinically significant improvement in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and global clinical functioning when treated with atomoxetine. "
2.	Risperidone (Risperdal Consta)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2008 - "The Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form (NCBRF) has been used in several large studies of risperidone in children with low IQs (36-84) and disruptive behavior disorders (conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder). " 01/01/2003 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and tolerability of risperidone in controlling major symptoms of CD in children and adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and severe CD. " 09/01/2002 - "To determine whether risperidone is effective in reducing symptoms of disruptive behaviors (such as aggression, impulsivity, defiance of authority figures, and property destruction) associated with conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and disruptive behavior disorder-not otherwise specified in children with subaverage IQs. " 09/01/2014 - "Risperidone added to parent training and stimulant medication: effects on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and peer aggression." 09/01/2014 - "In this study, we aimed to expand on our prior research into the relative efficacy of combining parent training, stimulant medication, and placebo (Basic therapy) versus parent training, stimulant, and risperidone (Augmented therapy) by examining treatment effects for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) symptoms and peer aggression, symptom-induced impairment, and informant discrepancy. "
3.	Methylphenidate (Ritalin)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2011 - "This trial evaluated the effect of methylphenidate transdermal system (MTS) on the full spectrum of adult symptoms (attention-disorganization, hyperactivity-impulsivity, emotional dysregulation [ED], and oppositional-defiant disorder [ODD]) found in this disorder. " 07/01/2004 - "To test the hypotheses that in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (1) symptoms of ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, and overall functioning are significantly improved by methylphenidate combined with intensive multimodal psychosocial treatment compared with methylphenidate alone and with methylphenidate plus attention control and (2) more children receiving combined treatment can be taken off methylphenidate. " 01/01/2020 - "Objective: We sought to ascertain whether baseline anxiety/depression and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms impacted the experience of short-term methylphenidate (MPH) adverse effects (AEs) in 7- to 11-year-old children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 171) undergoing a double-blind MPH crossover trial. " 05/01/2007 - "When compared with children with ADHD alone, children with comorbid anxiety or oppositional defiant disorder may show worsening of the global attention score in response to methylphenidate and not only a "reduced response," as reported in previous studies. " 01/01/2019 - "High pretreatment cognitive impulsivity predicts response of oppositional symptoms to methylphenidate in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder/oppositional defiant disorder."
4.	Guanfacine (Tenex)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2020 - "To assess the efficacy of the non-stimulant guanfacine extended release (GXR) on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children and adolescents, with and without comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). " 01/01/2020 - "Efficacy of Guanfacine Extended Release in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder." 05/01/2012 - "To illustrate a matching-adjusted indirect comparison by comparing the efficacy of guanfacine extended release (GXR) and atomoxetine (ATX) in reducing oppositional symptoms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder. " 05/01/2012 - "Comparative effectiveness research using matching-adjusted indirect comparison: an application to treatment with guanfacine extended release or atomoxetine in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder."
5.	4,4'-dibenzamido-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acidIBA 01/01/2020 - "DBDs such as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) predict higher rates of delinquency during adolescence. " 12/01/2022 - "Rather, the counterpoints in this paper further convince that the multidimensional model of psychopathy, when applied to the DBDs, could better facilitate understanding of the etiology and mechanisms for Conduct Disorder (CD), and, it may help us to predict the prognosis and treatment outcomes of children with various forms of DBDs such as CD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). " 11/04/2022 - "Disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs) in childhood include conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). " 01/01/2020 - "Executive functioning abilities are disrupted in adolescents with either conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder, collectively known as disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs). " 12/01/2018 - "Conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), collectively termed disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs), are a major cause of impairment and suffering in those affected by these conditions and their families and communities. "
6.	Aripiprazole (Abilify)FDA Link 03/01/2019 - "We present a case of a preschool boy with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder who displayed hoarseness after aripiprazole therapy." 04/21/2021 - "We report the disappearance of enuresis in a Caucasian girl with intellectual disability and oppositional defiant disorder and in a Caucasian boy with intellectual disability and early-onset psychosis, both following initiation of treatment with aripiprazole. " 04/01/2016 - "Both risperidone and aripiprazole were equally effective in reducing symptoms of ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder, and relatively safe, but high rates of side effects suggest the cautious use of these drugs in children. " 04/01/2016 - "Forty 3-6-year-old children, diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder comorbid with ADHD, were randomized to an 8-week trial of treatment with risperidone or aripiprazole (20 patients in each group). " 04/01/2004 - "The patient's extreme somnolence was attributed to aripiprazole, a new atypical antipsychotic prescribed for oppositional defiant disorder. "
7.	Pemetrexed (MTA)FDA Link 01/01/2015 - "We used data from the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD (MTA) to address 3 aims: to establish whether irritability in children with ADHD can be distinguished from other symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD); to examine whether ADHD treatment is effective in treating irritability; and to examine how irritability influences ADHD treatment outcomes. "
8.	Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)IBA 10/01/2013 - "Lifetime oppositional defiant disorder and panic disorder, family history of SUD, low family cohesiveness, and absence of antidepressant treatment at intake were also associated with increased risk of SUD, whereas BP subtype was not. " 08/01/2006 - "They showed higher rates of oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder, lower rates of panic disorder, and less frequently received antidepressant medications. " 04/01/2010 - "History of physical and/or sexual abuse, exposure to antidepressants, and exposure to stimulants was significantly greater among offspring with versus without BP. There was significantly greater prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders, oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD), and exposure to stimulants and antidepressants among offspring with versus without BP. Variables significantly associated with BP among offspring in regression analyses were as follows: older offspring age, younger parent age at birth, offspring anxiety disorders and ODD/CD, and biological coparent with BP. History of anxiety and/or disruptive behavior disorders, as well as presence of bi-lineal parental BP, is associated with elevated risk of bipolar spectrum disorders among offspring. "
9.	MelatoninIBA 01/01/2019 - "Specific comorbidities with disruptive behavior disorders (oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder), affective (mood and anxiety) disorders and learning disabilities did not affect the efficacy of melatonin on sleep. " 11/17/2021 - "To fill this gap, this case report presents an initially four-year-old girl with 1p36.33-1p36.32 deletion, moderate intellectual disability, insomnia, oppositional-defiant disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder covering a period of time of about 1.5 years comprising initial psychological/psychiatric assessment, subsequent day clinic/outpatient treatment (amongst others including off-label use of melatonin and methylphenidate as well as parent-child interaction therapy) and follow-up assessment. "
10.	Clonidine (ST 155)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2003 - "To compare clonidine with placebo added to ongoing psychostimulant therapy for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder. " 01/01/2000 - "A pilot comparison of the safety and efficacy of methylphenidate (MPH) combined with clonidine, clonidine monotherapy, or MPH monotherapy in 6- to 16-year-old children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid aggressive oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder was completed. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 02/01/2010 - "Participants were 68 children ages 3 to 6 who completed parent-child interaction therapy for Oppositional Defiant Disorder as part of a larger efficacy trial. " 03/01/1998 - "Describes interim results of a study examining the effectiveness of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) with families of preschool-age children with oppositional defiant disorder. " 10/01/2021 - "Parent management training (PMT) programmes and child cognitive behavioural therapy are recommended approaches for treatment of oppositional defiant disorder in children, and combining these may be effective. " 01/01/2013 - "Dialectical behavioural therapy for oppositional defiant disorder in adolescents: a case series." 01/01/2006 - "Psychodynamic therapy for oppositional defiant disorder: changes in personality, object relations, and adaptive function after six months of treatment."
2.	Combined Modality Therapy 11/01/2019 - "To investigate the psychometric properties of the short or multimodal treatment study version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV (SNAP-IV) scale, which measures attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms. " 01/01/2009 - "This study examined the relation between clinically significant (CS) change in symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and reliable change in multiple domains of functioning in children who participated in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD. " 01/01/2015 - "We used data from the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD (MTA) to address 3 aims: to establish whether irritability in children with ADHD can be distinguished from other symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD); to examine whether ADHD treatment is effective in treating irritability; and to examine how irritability influences ADHD treatment outcomes. "
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 02/01/2005 - "Behavioural management, both on its own and in combination with pharmacotherapy, reduces core symptoms and associated behaviours, such as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). " 01/01/2015 - "The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), independent of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), on acute treatment response, remission rates and maintenance of gains at 6-month follow-up in anxious youth (ages 7-17, 76% Caucasian, 52% female) who received cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) alone, pharmacotherapy alone, the combination of CBT and pharmacotherapy or placebo pill in the Child/Adolescent Multimodal Study. " 02/01/2015 - "To develop evidence-based guidelines on pharmacotherapy for severe disruptive and aggressive behaviour in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), or conduct disorder (CD). " 02/01/2015 - "Canadian guidelines on pharmacotherapy for disruptive and aggressive behaviour in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, or conduct disorder."
4.	Play Therapy (Therapy, Play) 01/01/2011 - "The present research was conducted to study the effect of play therapy on reducing behavioral problems of children with oppositional defiant disorder. " 11/01/2019 - "This research compared the effectiveness of play therapy provided individually or in groups for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms among children. " 11/01/2019 - "A Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Individual and Group Play Therapy on Symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder among Children."
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 04/01/2013 - "To examine changes in symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) after treatment with the Incredible Years Program. " 04/01/2013 - "Symptom changes of oppositional defiant disorder after treatment with the Incredible Years Program." 01/01/2016 - "Associations were examined between parent-reported ADHD symptoms at baseline and intervention outcomes reported by parents and teachers after treatment and at a 3-month follow-up, including child homework and classroom impairments, child ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms, parenting behaviors, and parent-teacher relationship quality. "