Clofarabine (Clolar)

An adenine arabinonucleoside derivative that acts as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It is used in the treatment of ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA in pediatric patients who have relapsed.

Also Known As:

Clolar; 2-Chloro-2'-arabino-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine; 2-Chloro-2'-fluoroarabino-2'-deoxyadenosine; 2-Chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arbinofuranosyl)adenine; 2-Chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoroarabinofuranosyl)adenine; Cl-F-ara-A; Clofarex; Evoltra; 2 Chloro 2' arabino fluoro 2' deoxyadenosine; 2 Chloro 2' fluoroarabino 2' deoxyadenosine; 9H-Purin-6-amine, 2-chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-

Networked: 333 relevant articles (46 outcomes, 108 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Faderl, Stefan: 23 articles (02/2017 - 03/2003)
2.	Gandhi, Varsha: 20 articles (01/2018 - 03/2003)
3.	Kantarjian, Hagop: 19 articles (01/2021 - 10/2003)
4.	Jeha, Sima: 17 articles (01/2021 - 03/2003)
5.	Ravandi, Farhad: 16 articles (01/2021 - 07/2006)
6.	Garcia-Manero, Guillermo: 15 articles (01/2021 - 10/2003)
7.	Jabbour, Elias: 15 articles (01/2021 - 07/2009)
8.	Plunkett, William: 15 articles (01/2018 - 03/2003)
9.	Kantarjian, Hagop M: 15 articles (02/2017 - 03/2003)
10.	Borthakur, Gautam: 14 articles (01/2021 - 09/2008)

Related Diseases

1.	Leukemia 09/01/2007 - "Clofarabine induced durable complete remission in heavily pretreated adolescents with relapsed and refractory leukemia." 12/01/2003 - "Induction of complete remission using single agent clofarabine in a patient with primary refractory acute myeloblaste leukemia." 03/23/2017 - "In the subgroup analyses, clofarabine improved overall survival and EFS for European Leukemia Net (ELN) 2010 intermediate I prognostic risk AML (EFS, 26% ± 4 vs 40% ± 5 at 4 years; Cox P = .002) and for the intermediate risk genotype NPM1 wild-type/FLT3 without internal-tandem duplications (EFS, 18% ± 5 vs 40% ± 7; Cox P < .001). " 04/01/2021 - "Clofarabine has been shown to effectively induce remission in children with refractory leukemia. " 02/01/2023 - "Forty-three pediatric leukemia patients (age < 14 years at diagnosis) consecutively diagnosed at our institution and got treated with clofarabine based regimen at a single tertiary care hospital between January 2005 and December 2019 were enrolled in this study. "
2.	Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Acute Myelogenous Leukemia) 04/01/2005 - "Clofarabine has proven to be effective in the treatment of adult and pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). " 06/01/2009 - "Clofarabine: a new treatment option for patients with acute myeloid leukemia." 04/10/2017 - "Randomized Phase II Study of Clofarabine-Based Consolidation for Younger Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Remission." 12/01/2017 - "Impact of pharmacokinetics on the toxicity and efficacy of clofarabine in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia." 01/01/2017 - "Clofarabine containing chemotherapeutic regimens have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of relapsed refractory acute myeloid leukemia. "
3.	Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia) 01/01/2005 - "In 61 pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with clofarabine 52 mg/m2 infused intravenously over 2 hours once daily for 5 days every 2-6 weeks, rates of complete remission, complete remission without platelet recovery, and partial remission were 12%, 8%, and 10%, respectively. " 06/01/2013 - "Clofarabine is effective in the treatment of children with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its adverse effects can be tolerated. " 06/01/2013 - "Clofarabine could be a promising new treatment for relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia." 12/01/2006 - "Efficacy of low dose clofarabine in refractory precursor T- acute lymphoblastic leukemia." 10/01/2021 - "Effectiveness and Safety of Clofarabine Monotherapy or Combination Treatment in Relapsed/Refractory Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Pragmatic, Non-interventional Study in Korea."
4.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 05/01/2015 - "Thus, our results show the clofarabine exposure reached in the tumor ECF was below that associated with an antitumor effect in our in vitro washout study. " 07/01/2011 - "Clinical trials using clofarabine in MDS and MDS/myeloproliferative neoplasms have produced overall response rates of 31 - 43% including complete responders. " 12/01/2009 - "In this study, treatment of lymphoid tumor cells with low dose clofarabine upregulated the expression of Sp17 and SPAN-Xb. " 07/01/2009 - "In vitro studies have been conducted to determine the effect of clofarabine on the metabolism of T-araC, and in vivo studies have been conducted to determine the effect of the clofarabine/T-araC combination on five human tumor xenografts in mice. " 03/15/2003 - "The starting dose of clofarabine (15 mg/m(2)) was myelosuppressive, requiring several dose de-escalations to 2 mg/m(2), the dose suggested for phase II studies in solid tumors. "
5.	B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia) 07/01/2006 - "Clinical and pharmacokinetic study of clofarabine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: strategy for treatment." 03/01/2003 - "Comparison of cytotoxicity of 2-chloro- 2'-arabino-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine (clofarabine) with cladribine in mononuclear cells from patients with acute myeloid and chronic lymphocytic leukemia." 11/01/2001 - "DNA repair initiated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes by 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide is inhibited by fludarabine and clofarabine." 07/01/2006 - "Based on its mechanistic similarity to fludarabine and cladribine and the success of these analogues for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we hypothesized that clofarabine would be effective for indolent leukemias. " 09/01/1999 - "The objective of the present study was to investigate the biochemical pharmacology of 2-chloro-2'-arabino-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine (CAFdA)--a fluorinated analogue of cladribine [2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine, Leustatin (CdA)] with improved acid and metabolic stability--in human leukemic cell lines and in mononuclear cells isolated from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Cytarabine (Cytosar-U)
2.	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
3.	Etoposide (VP 16)
4.	fludarabine
5.	Busulfan (Busulfex)
6.	2'-deoxyadenosine
7.	Cladribine
8.	Thiotepa (Triethylenethiophosphoramide)
9.	Topotecan (Hycamtin)
10.	Vinorelbine (Navelbine)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Induction Chemotherapy
2.	Therapeutics
3.	Salvage Therapy
4.	Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
5.	Stem Cell Transplantation