Pramipexole (Mirapex)

A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.

Also Known As:

Mirapex; 2-Amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6-propylaminobenzothiazole; 2-Amino-6-propylaminotetrahydrobenzothiazole; 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-N6-propyl-2,6-benzothiazole-diamine; 6,7-Tetrahydro-N6-propyl-2,6-benzothiazolediamine dihydrochloride monohydrate; Pramipexol; Pramipexol Dihydrobromide, (+-)-isomer; Pramipexol Dihydrochloride, (S)-isomer; Pramipexol, (+-)-isomer; Pramipexole Dihydrochloride; Pramipexole Dihydrochloride Anhydrous; Pramipexole Hydrochloride Monohydrate; SND-919; Sifrol; 2 Amino 6 propylaminotetrahydrobenzothiazole; SND 919; 2,6-Benzothiazolediamine, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-N6-propyl-, (S)-

Networked: 765 relevant articles (123 outcomes, 188 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Heterocyclic Compounds: 198
- 1-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds
  - Azoles: 2138
    - Thiazoles: 392
      - Benzothiazoles: 40
        Pramipexole: 765
- Fused-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds
  - 2-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds
    - Benzothiazoles: 40
      - Pramipexole: 765

Experts

1.	Poewe, Werner: 16 articles (01/2022 - 08/2006)
2.	Rascol, Olivier: 16 articles (03/2014 - 06/2007)
3.	Barone, Paolo: 12 articles (01/2014 - 05/2006)
4.	Hauser, Robert A: 9 articles (01/2022 - 12/2006)
5.	Oertel, Wolfgang H: 9 articles (07/2014 - 01/2004)
6.	Manconi, Mauro: 8 articles (01/2021 - 12/2003)
7.	McDermott, Michael P: 8 articles (03/2019 - 12/2006)
8.	Inoue, Yuichi: 8 articles (01/2018 - 01/2010)
9.	Schapira, Anthony H V: 8 articles (08/2013 - 12/2004)
10.	Parkinson Study Group: 8 articles (03/2013 - 10/2000)

Related Diseases

1.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease) 05/01/2014 - "Long-term safety and sustained efficacy of extended-release pramipexole in early and advanced Parkinson's disease." 07/11/1997 - "In the present study, pramipexole, a D3-preferring DA agonist effective in treating Parkinson's disease, excited type II anterior CN neurons. " 01/01/2017 - "Pramipexole ER is as safe and effective as pramipexole IR in the treatment of Parkinson's disease." 09/01/2016 - "In conclusion, pramipexole was effective and safe as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. " 12/19/2010 - "Pramipexole extended release: a novel treatment option in Parkinson's disease."
2.	Restless Legs Syndrome (Restless Legs) 01/01/2010 - "Pramipexole group showed a significant reduction in the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale (IRLS; p=0.0005), a significant improvement in both Patient Global Impression (PGI; p<0.0001) and Clinical Global Impressions (CGI-I; p=0.0488), and a significantly greater mean reduction in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; p=0.0016), when compared with those of placebo group at week 6. Pramipexole is highly efficacious in the reduction of PLMI and in the improvement of subjective severity of RLS and subjective sleep disturbance caused by the disorder." 01/01/2012 - "Of 287 patients in the full analysis set, the pramipexole group showed significant improvement compared with the placebo group in the change of their International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale of Severity (IRLS) total score from baseline to week 6 after adjustment of centers and baseline characters (-15.87±0.66 vs. -11.35±0.92, p<0.0001) and in the proportion of patients who were "much improved" and "very much improved" when measured by Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (81.9% vs. 54.3%, p<0.0001). " 04/01/2011 - "Pramipexole is an effective treatment for restless legs syndrome (RLS), but no controlled studies have lasted >12 weeks. " 01/20/2007 - "Fifty-one patients suffering from idiopathic restless legs syndrome underwent monotherapy with pramipexole in daily doses of 0.25 to 1.0 mg. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated using three tools, i.e. " 01/01/2016 - "Efficacy of Pramipexole for the Treatment of Primary Restless Leg Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials."
3.	Tremor (Tremors) 05/01/2000 - "In another study pramipexole has been shown to be significantly superior to placebo with an improvement in tremor score by 48% (vs. 13% in the placebo group). " 01/01/2015 - "Pramipexole has demonstrated the efficacy in the treatment of persistent tremor and depression in double-blind placebo-controlled trials. " 09/01/1999 - "The patients were drawn from a larger placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial, which was not originally designed to investigate the effect of pramipexole on tremor. " 01/01/2006 - "The main reasons for switching to pramipexole (anti-tremor effect, anti-depressive/anti-anhedonic effect) as given by the physicians at baseline came up to expectations. " 05/01/2005 - "Patients with pronounced resting tremor derived a clear benefit from pramipexole treatment compared with placebo. "
4.	Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depressive Psychosis) 01/01/2021 - "Study protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial of pramipexole in addition to mood stabilisers for patients with treatment resistant bipolar depression (the PAX-BD study)." 11/01/2013 - "The present review aims to provide an updated perspective on the use of adjunctive pramipexole in bipolar depression, taking into account randomized-controlled trials, as well as open naturalistic studies, with a specific focus on the evaluation of acute versus long-term data in terms of effectiveness and tolerability. " 01/01/2007 - "Recently published placebo-controlled trials in small patient groups implicate that pramipexole is effective as additional treatment to mood stabilizers in I and II bipolar depression." 03/01/2004 - "Preliminary randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pramipexole added to mood stabilizers for treatment-resistant bipolar depression." 04/19/2023 - "Pramipexole Augmentation for Treatment-Resistant Unipolar and Bipolar Depression in the Real World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis."
5.	Dyskinesias (Dyskinesia) 07/01/2004 - "Initial pramipexole treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the risk of developing dyskinesias (24.5% vs 54%; hazard ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25-0.56; P<.001) and wearing off (47% vs 62.7%; hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.49-0.63; P =.02). " 01/01/2008 - "Furthermore, in laboratory studies pramipexole has proved to exert neuroprotector effects and its use in clinical practice from the early stages of the disease has been related to a delay in the appearance of motor complications (fluctuations and dyskinesias). " 01/01/2000 - "No significant changes were noted in a dyskinesia rating scale in any of the 4 studies, but dyskinesia as an adverse event was reported more frequently with pramipexole. " 04/01/2014 - "When compared with delayed-start pramipexole, early-start pramipexole induced a higher rotational response (p<0.01), but did not improve limb akinesia, induce dyskinesia nor normalize lesion-induced molecular changes. " 12/01/2006 - "Pramipexole treatment was associated with later occurrence of dyskinesias. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Dopamine Agonists (Dopamine Agonist)
2.	Levodopa (L Dopa)
3.	ropinirole (Requip)
4.	rotigotine
5.	Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)
6.	Dopamine (Intropin)
7.	Pergolide (Permax)
8.	rasagiline (Azilect)
9.	Cabergoline
10.	Bromocriptine (Parlodel)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
3.	Off-Label Use
4.	Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
5.	Intravenous Administration