Trefoil Factors

A family of small peptides expressed primarily by MUCOUS MEMBRANE EPITHELIAL CELLS in vertebrates. Their structure is highly conserved and is defined by a three-leaved (trefoil) domain of 42 or 43 amino acids; it includes six cysteines that create the trefoil structure through disulfide bridges. Trefoil peptides may form dimers with each other, or associate with MUCINS and other factors. They are important for maintaining epithelial integrity and for protection from noxious agents.

Also Known As:

TFF Peptides; Trefoil Factor Family Peptides; Trefoil Factor Family Proteins; Trefoil Peptides; Trefoil Proteins; Factor, Trefoil; Peptide, TFF; Peptide, Trefoil; Protein, Trefoil; TFF Peptide; Trefoil Factor; Trefoil Peptide; Trefoil Protein

Networked: 301 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 34 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins: 1
- Peptides: 82426
  - Trefoil Factors: 301

Experts

1.	May, Felicity E B: 12 articles (06/2012 - 04/2002)
2.	Hoffmann, Werner: 10 articles (11/2021 - 01/2002)
3.	Thim, Lars: 10 articles (07/2015 - 01/2003)
4.	Zhang, Yun: 10 articles (01/2015 - 05/2005)
5.	Westley, Bruce R: 10 articles (03/2009 - 04/2002)
6.	Ohmoto, Yasukazu: 9 articles (01/2021 - 06/2011)
7.	Giraud, Andrew S: 8 articles (09/2016 - 05/2004)
8.	Dünker, Nicole: 7 articles (08/2019 - 02/2013)
9.	St-Amand, Jonny: 6 articles (12/2021 - 07/2013)
10.	Yoshioka, Mayumi: 6 articles (12/2021 - 07/2013)

Related Diseases

1.	Colitis 08/01/2006 - "Trefoil factor (TFF) producer strains have also been shown to be very effective in the treatment of acute colitis. " 06/01/2005 - "Trefoil peptides are known to stimulate repair in many models of injury, including animal models of colitis. " 03/30/2005 - "Parenteral administration of TFF peptides aggravates the colitis especially the TFF3 monomer." 03/30/2005 - "Injected TFF peptides, especially the TFF3 monomer, aggravated the colitis score in both colitis models. " 03/30/2005 - "To investigate the possible treatment effect of luminally and parenterally administered TFF peptides in experimental colitis in rats. "
2.	Colorectal Neoplasms (Colorectal Cancer) 03/28/2017 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of trefoil factor family 3 (TFF3) for the early detection of colorectal cancer (CC). " 03/28/2017 - "Diagnostic value evaluation of trefoil factors family 3 for the early detection of colorectal cancer." 01/07/2017 - "Expression of trefoil factors and TWIST1 in colorectal cancer and their correlation with metastatic potential and prognosis." 01/07/2017 - "To detect the expression of trefoil factors (TFFs) and TWIST1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and analyze their correlation with metastasis and survival. " 01/01/2015 - "Our findings will be helpful in further investigations into the functions and molecular mechanisms of Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) and Trefoil factor factors (TFFs) during the progression of colorectal cancer. "
3.	Mucositis 12/01/2011 - "This study aimed to assess any changes in the levels of trefoil peptides in oncology patients with and without mucositis. " 12/01/2011 - "Paediatric mucositis disease occurs in the presence of increased concentrations and an altered pattern of trefoil peptides." 12/01/2011 - "Trefoil factor family peptides are increased in the saliva of children with mucositis." 12/01/2011 - "Trefoil factor family peptides (TFF, trefoil peptides), present in saliva, contribute to epithelial restitution and repair and are therefore potentially important in the healing phase of mucositis. " 10/01/2009 - "Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), a member of trefoil factor family (TFF) domain peptides, was proved to be very effective in prevention and healing of acute dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, and was also involved in protection against and recovery from intestinal mucositis induced by radiation and chemotherapy. "
4.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2020 - "Odyssey of trefoil factors in cancer: Diagnostic and therapeutic implications." 08/01/2019 - "The expression and role of trefoil factors in human tumors." 01/01/2019 - "Furthermore, we found that miR-135b-5p is also up-regulated in gastric tumors from the trefoil factor 1-knockout mouse model. " 01/01/2016 - "In the literature TFF peptides are controversially discussed as tumor suppressors and potential tumor progression factors. " 12/01/2015 - "This review will summarize current knowledge about the expression and regulation of TFF peptides and the involvement of TFF peptides in tumor biology and cancerogenesis. "
5.	Metaplasia 07/01/2021 - "SPEM expresses trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2) and is often considered synonymous with pseudopyloric metaplasia. " 08/01/2020 - "We quantified the extent of intestinal metaplasia (IM) based on number of glands with goblet cells (IM-Score) and expression of the intestinal factor trefoil factor-3 (TFF3-Score). " 05/01/2004 - "We studied the expression of trefoil peptides in the different types of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. " 05/01/2004 - "Expression of trefoil peptides in the subtypes of intestinal metaplasia." 03/01/1993 - "The trefoil peptide localization in gastric metaplasia closely resembles that seen in superficial gastric epithelium and the distal Brunner's gland duct, which in turn shares morphological similarities with gastric epithelium. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Peptides (Polypeptides)
2.	Trefoil Factor-3
3.	Dextrans (Dextran)
4.	Proteinase-Activated Receptors
5.	sodium sulfate (sodium bisulfate)
6.	Trefoil Factors
7.	Mucins
8.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)
9.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
10.	Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Therapeutics
3.	Cell Transplantation
4.	Enema (Enemas)
5.	Gastrectomy